1) 武藤泰敏(監訳),S.P.アリソン(著):医師のための栄養学,ダノン健康・栄養普及協会(DIJ),1999
2) Gauderer MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr:Gastrostomy without laparotomy;A percutaneous endoscopic technique. J Pediatr Surg 15:872-875, 1980
3) 岡田 正:1.経腸・経静脈栄養法 その変遷と今日,ビジュアル臨床栄養百科 第4巻 経腸・経静脈栄養法,pp8-14,小学館,1996
4) Fischer JE, et al:The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man. Surgery 80:77-91, 1976
5) Wilmore DW, Dudrick SJ:Growth and development of an infant receiving all nutrients exclusively by vein. JAMA 203:860-864, 1968
6) A.S.P.E.N Board of Directors and The Clinical Guidelines Task Force:Guidelines for the Use of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Adult and Pediatric Patients. JPEN 26(1 supple), 2002