1)日本循環器学会合同研究班:慢性心不全治療ガイドライン(2005年改訂版)
2)Hunt SA, et al:ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult;A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines(Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation 112:e154-e235, 2005
3)Dickstein K, et al:ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008;The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC(HFA)and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine(ESICM). Eur Heart J 29:2388-2442, 2008