1)日本呼吸器学会COPDガイドライン作成委員会(編):COPD(慢性閉塞性肺疾患)診断と治療のためのガイドライン,第4版,メディカルレビュー社,2013
2)Bethesda MD;National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute:Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. updated 2011 http://www.goldcopd.org
3)Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJ:International Union of Pharmacology. ⅩⅦ. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 50:279-290, 1998
4)Tashkin DP, et al:A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 359:1543-1554, 2008
5)Kerwin E, et al:Effecacy and safety of NVA237 versus placebo and tiotropium in patients with COPD;the GLOW 2 study. Eur Respir J 40:1106-1114, 2012
6)Vogelmeier C, et al:Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med 364:1093-1103, 2011
7)Decramer ML, et al:Once-daily indacaterol versus tiotropium for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(INVIGORATE);A randomized. Blinded. Parallel-group study. Lancet Respir Med 1:524-533, 2013