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雑誌文献

medicina57巻7号

2020年06月発行

文献概要

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「polyclonal ganmmopathy」「蛋白アルブミン逆解離」「M蛋白関連疾患」

著者: 長野広之1

所属機関: 1京都大学大学院医学研究科 医療経済学分野

ページ範囲:P.1200 - P.1207

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総論
 polyclonal ganmmopathyは多クローン性のγグロブリンを認める状態である.血清総蛋白(total protein:TP)の正常値は6.5〜8.0g/dLで約65%がアルブミン(Albumin:Alb),約35%がグロブリン,約20%がγグロブリンである.正常ではTP 6.5g/dL,Alb 4.3g/dL,γグロブリンは1.3〜1.6g/dL程度となる.例えばTP 7.6g/dL,Alb 2.2g/dLのときは蛋白とアルブミンが乖離しており,γグロブリンが上昇していることが予想される.次に判断するのは上昇しているγグロブリンが多クローン性(polyclonal)か単クローン性(monoclonal)かである.
 検査としては蛋白分画/血清蛋白電気泳動(serum protein electrophoresis:SPEP),免疫電気泳動法(immunoelectrophoresis:IEP),免疫固定法(immunofixation electrophoresis:IFE),血清free light chainなどがある(図1).SPEPよりIEP,IFEのほうが微量なM蛋白を検出できるとされており(IEPのM蛋白の検出感度:100mg/dL,IFEの検出感度:5mg/dL),例えば多発性骨髄腫のM蛋白の感度はSPEPのみの場合82%,SPEP+血清IFEの場合93%.SPEP+血清IFE+尿IFEの場合感度97%と言われている1).血清free light chainは最も微量なM蛋白を検出可能(κ 0.15mg/dL,λ 0.3mg/L)でκ/λ比(正常比0.26〜1.65)でcheckする.筆者は多発性骨髄腫などを強く疑うときはSPEPに加えて血清/尿のIEPやIFEもするが,あまり疑わないときはSPEPのみ(早く結果が出て安い)にしている.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1189

印刷版ISSN:0025-7699

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