1)Anderson LD, D’Alonzo RT:Fractures of the odontoid process of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:1663-1674, 1974
2)Chiba K, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y, Fujii E, Nakanishi T, Hirabayashi K:Treatment protocol for fractures of the odontoid process. J Spinal Disord 9:267-276, 1996
3)Clark CR, White AA Ⅲ :Fractures of the dens:A multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 67:1340-1348, 1985
4)Coyne TJ, Fehlings MG, Wallace MC, Bernstein M, Tator CH:C1-C2 posterior cervical fusion:Long-term evaluation of results and efficacy. Neurosurgery 37:688-693, 1995
5)Dai LY, Yuan W, Ni B, Liu HK, Jia LS, Zhao DL, Xu YK:Surgical treatment of nonunited fracture of the odontoid process, with special reference to occipitocervical fusion for unreducible atlantoaxial subluxation or instability. Eur Spine J 9:118-122, 2000
6)Fujii E, Kobayashi K, Hirabayashi K:Treatment in fractures of the odontoid process. Spine 13:604-609, 1988
7)Greene KA, Dickman CA, Marciano FF, Drabier JB, Hadley MN, Sonntag VKH:Acute axis fractures:Analysis of management and outcome in 340 consecutive cases. Spine 22 :1843-1852, 1997
8)Hadley MN, Browner CM, Liu SS, Sonntag VK:New subtype of acute odontoid fractures (type 2A). Neurosurgery 22:67-71, 1988
9)Julien TD, Frankel B, Traynelis VC, Ryken TC:Evidence-based analysis of odontoid fracture management. Neurosurg Focus 8:Article 1, 2000
10)Section on Disroders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons:Isolated Fractures of the Axis in Adults. Neurosurgery 50(3 Suppl) :S125-139, 2002
11)折茂 肇,林 泰史,福永仁夫,曽根照喜,藤原佐枝子,白木正孝,串田一博,宮本繁仁,宗圓 聰,西村純二,大橋靖雄,細井孝之,五来逸雄,田中弘之,猪飼哲夫,岸本英彰,日本骨代謝学会骨粗鬆症診断基準検討委員会:原発性骨粗鬆症の診断基準(2000年改訂版).日骨代謝誌 18:76-82, 2001
12)Polin RS, Szabo T, Bogaev CV, Replogle RE, Jane JA:Nonoperative management of type 2 and 3 odontoid fractures:The Philadelphia collar versus the the halo vest. Neurosurgery 38:450-456, 1996
13)Wang GJ, Mabie KN, Whitehill R, Stamp WG:The nonsurgical management of odontoid fractures in adults. Spine 9:229-230, 1984