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Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科37巻12号

2009年12月発行

文献概要

解剖を中心とした脳神経手術手技

後頭蓋窩巨大脳動脈瘤に対するflow alteration treatment

著者: 宮本享1 舟木健史2 高橋淳1 飯原弘二3

所属機関: 1京都大学大学院医学研究科脳神経外科 2佐賀大学医学部脳神経外科 3国立循環器病センター脳神経外科

ページ範囲:P.1179 - P.1190

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Ⅰ.はじめに

 巨大脳動脈瘤は25mm以上の大きさを有するものと定義され24),全脳動脈瘤の約5%を占める.1/3が破裂によるくも膜下出血で発症し,1/3が脳動脈瘤のmass effectによる神経症状,残りの1/3が脳動脈瘤からの末梢塞栓症で発症する22).巨大脳動脈瘤の自然歴は極めて不良であることが報告されている3,6,10).巨大脳動脈瘤は,①broad neckである,②主要分枝起始部がdomeから出ている,③約60%に部分血栓化を伴う,④石灰化を伴う,⑤巨大なため穿通枝の確認が困難である,などの特徴を有するため47),単純なネッククリッピングや瘤内塞栓術により根治させることは困難であることが多い.

 ネッククリッピングが困難な巨大脳動脈瘤に対しては,親動脈の近位側遮断(hunterian ligation)が歴史的に多く行われてきた1,5,7,8,31,44,45,48).しかし,hunterian ligationおいては,側副血行によっては母血管遮断に耐えられない(intolerable)症例が存在し,バイパスによりintoleranceの問題が克服できたとしても,動脈瘤の部位によってはバイパスや側副血行を経由して瘤内への血流が残存するため,瘤の完全血栓化が得られないことがある,という問題点がある15,38,44).われわれは,このような治療困難な巨大・大型脳動脈瘤に対して,母血管閉塞やバイパス,血管内治療などのmulti-modalityにより動脈瘤周囲の血流を意図的に変化させ,動脈瘤へのhemodynamic stressを最大限に減弱させることで,動脈瘤の完全血栓化を誘導して瘤の縮小を図る治療を行っており10,46),これをflow alteration treatmentと総称している.巨大脳動脈瘤に対するバイパス併用下の母血管閉塞は近年数多く報告されているが2,20,23,40),われわれのflow alteration treatmentは単にバイパス併用下の近位側閉塞やtrappingにとどまらず,症例によっては重要な枝を温存するために瘤の遠位側で血管遮断を行い瘤の盲端化を図るなど,症例ごとの解剖学的特徴に応じて治療戦略を立てるtailor-made treatmentである.したがって,治療成功のためには手術手技のみならず,血管解剖に基づいた術前の詳細な戦略の検討が不可欠である.

 本稿では,巨大脳動脈瘤のうちでも特に治療困難とされる後頭蓋窩巨大動脈瘤に焦点を当ててflow alteration treatmentの治療戦略を概説した後,この戦略に必要な深部吻合の手技について述べる.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

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