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Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科38巻7号

2010年07月発行

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研究

神経膠腫における術前FDG PET/MET PET併用撮影の意義

著者: 山口秀1 寺坂俊介1 小林浩之1 成田拓人1 平田健司2 志賀哲2 臼居礼子2 田中伸哉3 久保田佳奈子4 村田純一5 浅岡克行6

所属機関: 1北海道大学大学院医学研究科神経外科 2北海道大学大学院医学研究科核医学診療科 3北海道大学大学院医学研究科腫瘍病理学講座 4北海道大学病院病理部 5札幌麻生脳神経外科病院 6手稲渓仁会病院脳神経外科

ページ範囲:P.621 - P.628

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Ⅰ.はじめに

 従来のCTやMRIなどの形態学的画像に,positron emission tomography(PET)による代謝情報が加わることで,神経膠腫の生物学的特性が徐々に明らかになってきている4,13,17,23,27).神経膠腫に用いられる核種としては,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)と11C-methionine(MET)が代表的であるが,この両核種を同一症例群で比較検討した報告は決して多いとは言えない2,6,9,10,12,20,25,28,31)

 FDGは正常なglucoseと同様に血液脳関門(blood-brain barrier:BBB)を通過し,glucose transporter(GLUT)と結合して細胞内に取り込まれた後FDG-6-リン酸となり,これが細胞内に滞留することを利用している.局所のブドウ糖消費量を反映するため,GLUTの発現や活性化が亢進している悪性腫瘍細胞で集積が亢進する.FDGの集積は神経膠腫の悪性度や予後とよく相関するという報告が多いが1,2,9,20,23),FDGの集積は非特異的であり炎症細胞や肉芽組織などでも亢進することや15,30),脳組織(特に皮質)の糖代謝がそもそも高く,腫瘍との識別は視覚的には必ずしも容易ではないという問題がある3,14).一方,METは必須アミノ酸の1つであり,アミノ酸トランスポーターやBBBの破綻により組織内へ取り込まれる8,16).正常脳組織ではアミノ酸代謝は低く,腫瘍細胞のアミノ酸代謝が亢進している場合にはFDGに比べて正常脳組織とのコントラストがつきやすい.またMETの集積が増殖能と相関しているとの報告もある12,16).ところが,astrocytoma系の腫瘍に比べてoligodendroglioma系の腫瘍でMETの集積が亢進していることや4,7,11,18,27),oligodendroglioma系の腫瘍では腫瘍増殖能の指標であるMIB-1 labeling indexとMETの集積に相関性がなかった,という報告もある11)

 今回,われわれは当施設において術前にPETを施行した成人神経膠腫の症例のFDG・MET所見と腫瘍の悪性度や増殖能との関連性を比較検討した.神経膠腫の術前評価に両核種を併用する意義に関して考察する.

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

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