Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科40巻10号

2012年10月発行

総説

新しいMRIシークエンスとその臨床応用

著者： 増本智彦¹ 椎貝真成¹ 那須克宏¹ 南学¹

所属機関： ¹筑波大学医学医療系臨床医学域放射線医学

ページ範囲：P.859 - P.869

Ⅰ．は じ め に

　MRIが医学に臨床応用されてから30年ほど経つが，その間のMRI装置のハードウェア・ソフトウェアの進歩はめざましいものがある．spin-echo法，fast spin-echo法，gradient-echo法，echo planar imagingといった撮像の原理的な進歩もさることながら，これらをベースとしたさまざまなコントラストの撮像法がこれまでに開発されてきた．一方，まったく新しいコントラストの撮像法が急に出てくるということは意外に少なく，拡散強調像のように原理的には古くから存在するものが，ハードウェア・ソフトウェアの進歩とともに臨床応用可能となってきたというものもある．近年の潮流としては，これまで信号雑音比や撮像時間の問題から臨床応用が難しかった撮像法が，3テスラMRI装置の普及とともに活発に用いられるようになってきており，逆にそこで得られた成果が1.5テスラのMRI装置にもフィードバックされている．本論文では，比較的新しいMRI撮像法，もしくは近年新しい展開をみせている撮像法として，磁化率強調画像，拡散テンソル画像，arterial spin labeling，black-blood imagingの4つを取り上げる．

参考文献

1）Ances BM, McGarvey ML, Abrahams JM, Maldjian JA, Alsop DC, Zager EL, Detre JA：Continuous arterial spin labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in patients before and after carotid endarterectomy. J Neuroimaging 14：133-138, 2004

weighted non-contrast imaging with multi-echo acquisition and reconstruction. ESMRMB abstract, 2008；482

3）Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, Woolrich MW, Smith SM, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Boulby PA, Barker GJ, Sillery EL, Sheehan K, Ciccarelli O, Thompson AJ, Brady JM, Matthews PM：Non-invasive mapping of connections between human thalamus and cortex using diffusion imaging. Nat Neurosci 6：750-757, 2003

4）Brookes MJ, Morris PG, Gowland PA, Francis ST：Noninvasive measurement of arterial cerebral blood volume using Look-Locker EPI and arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 58：41-54, 2007

5）Chalela JA, Alsop DC, Gonzalez-Atavales JB, Maldjian JA, Kasner SE, Detre JA：Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke using continuous arterial spin labeling. Stroke 31：680-687, 2000

6）Duyn JH, van Gelderen P, Li TQ, de Zwart JA, Koretsky AP, Fukunaga M：High-field MRI of brain cortical substructure based on signal phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104：11796-11801, 2007

7）Gao T, Wang Y, Zhang Z：Silent cerebral microbleeds on susceptibility-weighted imaging of patients with ischemic stroke and leukoaraiosis. Neurol Res 30：272-276, 2008

8）Golay X, Petersen ET, Hui F：Pulsed star labeling of arterial regions (PULSAR)：a robust regional perfusion technique for high field imaging. Magn Reson Med 53：15-21, 2005

9）Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, Reichenbach JR：Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med 52：612-618, 2004

10）Haacke EM, DelProposto ZS, Chaturvedi S, Sehgal V, Tenzer M, Neelavalli J, Kido D：Imaging cerebral amyloid angiopathy with susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28：316-317, 2007

11）Kakeda S, Korogi Y, Yoneda T, Nishimura J, Sato T, Hiai Y, Ohnari N, Okada K, Hayashi H, Matsusue E, Uozumi T, Tsuji S：A novel tract imaging technique of the brainstem using phase difference enhanced imaging：normal anatomy and initial experience in multiple system atrophy. Eur Radiol 21：2202-2210, 2011

12）Kamada K, Todo T, Masutani Y, Aoki S, Ino K, Takano T, Kirino T, Kawahara N, Morita A：Combined use of tractography-integrated functional neuronavigation and direct fiber stimulation. J Neurosurg 102：664-672, 2005

13）Kim HS, Jahng GH, Ryu CW, Kim SY：Added value and diagnostic performance of intratumoral susceptibility signals in the differential diagnosis of solitary enhancing brain lesions：preliminary study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30：1574-1579, 2010

14）Kleiser R, Staempfli P, Valavanis A, Boesiger P, Kollias S：Impact of fMRI-guided advanced DTI fiber tracking techniques on their clinical applications in patients with brain tumors. Neuroradiology 52：37-46, 2010

15）Liu P, Uh J, Devous MD, Adinoff B, Lu H：Comparison of relative cerebral blood flow maps using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and single photon emission computed tomography. NMR Biomed 25：779-786, 2012

16）Lu S, Ahn D, Johnson G, Law M, Zagzag D, Grossman RI：Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of intracranial neoplasia and associated peritumoral edema：introduction of the tumor infiltration index. Radiology 232：221-228, 2004

17）Naganawa S, Kawai H, Fukatsu H, Ishigaki T, Komada T, Maruyama K, Takizawa O：High-speed imaging at 3 Tesla：a technical and clinical review with an emphasis on whole-brain 3D imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 3：177-187, 2004

18）Nagao E, Yoshiura T, Hiwatashi A, Obara M, Yamashita K, Kamano H, Takayama Y, Kobayashi K, Honda H：3D turbo spin-echo sequence with motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation for detection of brain metastases on 3T MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32：664-670, 2011

19）Park J, Kim EY：Contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional, whole-brain, black-blood imaging：application to small brain metastases. Magn Reson Med 63：553-561, 2010

20）Pinker K, Noebauer-Huhmann IM, Stavrou I, Hoeftberger R, Szomolanyi P, Karanikas G, Weber M, Stadlbauer A, Knosp E, Friedrich K, Trattnig S：High-resolution contrast-enhanced, susceptibility-weighted MR imaging at 3T in patients with brain tumors：correlation with positron-emission tomography and histopathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28：1280-1286, 2007

21）Pinker K, Stavrou I, Szomolanyi P, Hoeftberger R, Weber M, Stadlbauer A, Noebauer-Huhmann IM, Knosp E, Trattnig S：improved preoperative evaluation of cerebral cavernomas by high-field, high-resolution susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla：comparison with standard (1.5T) magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with histopathological findings-preliminary results. Invest Radiol 42：346-351, 2007

22）Provenzale JM, McGraw P, Mhatre P, Guo AC, Delong D：Peritumoral brain regions in gliomas and meningiomas：investigation with isotropic diffusion-weighted MR imaging and diffusion-tensor MR imaging. Radiology 232：451-460, 2004

23）Saida T, Masumoto T, Nakai Y, Shiigai M, Matsumura A, Minami M：Moyamoya disease：evaluation of postoperative revascularization using multiphase selective arterial spin labeling MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 36：143-149, 2012

24）Song HK, Wright AC, Wolf RL, Wehrli FW：Multislice double inversion pulse sequence for efficient black-blood MRI. Magn Reson Med 47：616-620, 2002

25）Thomas B, Somasundaram S, Thamburaj K, Kesavadas C, Gupta AK, Bodhey NK, Kapilamoorthy TR：Clinical applications of susceptibility weighted MR imaging of the brain-a pictorial review. Neuroradiology 50：105-116, 2008

26）Tong KA, Ashwal S, Holshouser BA, Nickerson JP, Wall CJ, Shutter LA, Osterdock RJ, Haacke EM, Kido D：Diffuse axonal injury in children：clinical correlation with hemorrhagic lesions. Ann Neurol 56：36-50, 2004

-sensitized high-resolution magnetic resonance venography using 3D-PRESTO technique. Magn Reson Med Sci 7：73-77, 2008

28）Tsuchiya K, Tateishi H, Yoshida M：Flow-sensitive susceptibility-weighted imaging of the brain：initial experience in ischemic lesions. In：Proc Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB 2007；3016

29）van Laar PJ, Hendrikse J, Klijn CJ, Kappelle LJ, van Osch MJ, van der Grond J：Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion：flow territories of major brain-feeding arteries. Radiology 242：526-534, 2007

30）Wang J, Yarnykh VL, Yuan C：Enhanced image quality in black-blood MRI using the improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (iMSDE) sequence. J Magn Reson Imaging 31：1256-1263, 2010

O-water PET in elderly subjects at risk for Alzheimer's disease. NMR Biomed 23：286-293, 2010