Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科41巻11号

2013年11月発行

総説

日本の遺伝子治療の夜明け

著者： 𠮷田純¹

所属機関： ¹名古屋大学 ²さくら総合病院

ページ範囲：P.947 - P.960

Ⅰ．はじめに

　科学の進歩を振り返ると，20世紀の前半は物理科学の時代，後半は生命科学の時代だと言われてきた．生命科学の夜明けは1953年のワトソンとクリックによるDNAの二重らせん構造の解明であり，20世紀最後の10年にはヒトゲノム・プロジェクトが遺伝子工学とコンピュータ工学の進歩によって予想以上に早く進み，ヒトの全遺伝子は2万～2万5千個と推定され，発現調節構造を含む約30億塩基対からなるヒトゲノム全構造が決定された．そして21世紀はこれらの遺伝子情報に基づいたポストゲノム医療，遺伝子解析に基づいた診断，治療への応用の時代が到来すると期待された．こうした時代背景の中で，1990年，米国において遺伝子治療の臨床研究が始まり，わが国においても，5年後の1995年から高度先端医療としての遺伝子治療の臨床研究が始まった．本稿では筆者らが名古屋大学で取り組んだ悪性脳腫瘍を対象にした新規遺伝子治療法の確立とわが国初の純国産遺伝子治療薬の開発を中心に，日本の遺伝子治療の夜明けを振り返ってみる．

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