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Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科42巻3号

2014年03月発行

文献概要

連載 脊椎脊髄手術に必要な基本的知識

(7)脊椎脊髄腫瘍:脊椎腫瘍・脊髄髄外腫瘍

著者: 髙見俊宏1 山縣徹1 内藤堅太郎1 大畑建治1

所属機関: 1大阪市立大学大学院医学研究科脳神経外科

ページ範囲:P.269 - P.285

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Ⅰ.はじめに

 脊椎・脊髄腫瘍は一般的に「骨腫瘍としての脊椎腫瘍」(原発性,転移性,類似疾患)と「神経腫瘍としての脊髄腫瘍」(硬膜外,髄外,髄内)に分けて論じられる.本稿では,脊椎腫瘍全般と脊髄髄外腫瘍について記載する.脊椎腫瘍における詳細な画像診断については,放射線診断学の教科書を参考にしていただき27),本稿では疾患の基本事項と治療戦略について記載する.

 脊椎骨に発生する骨腫瘍は脊椎腫瘍と総称され,原発性(良性,悪性),続発性(転移性)さらに類似疾患に分類される.頻度的には転移性脊椎腫瘍が半数以上を占め(約50%),次いで原発性悪性腫瘍(約26%),原発性良性腫瘍(約17%),類似疾患と続く23).本稿では脊椎腫瘍総論,原発性脊椎腫瘍,転移性脊椎腫瘍および類似疾患の各論に分けて記載する.

 神経腫瘍としての脊髄腫瘍は,その局在によって硬膜外腫瘍,硬膜内髄外,髄内腫瘍に分類される.硬膜外腫瘍は脊椎腫瘍と重複する部分が多分にあり,骨腫瘍としての側面を有する.硬膜内髄外・髄内腫瘍の頻度については,従来から年間10万人あたり数人程度と推定されてきたが,近年の画像診断の向上により新規発生率あるいは有病率は確実に上昇している.硬膜内髄外腫瘍においては,神経鞘腫と髄膜腫の良性腫瘍が代表的である.本邦での正確な発生率あるいは有病率は不明だが,自験例ではおおむね神経鞘腫:髄膜腫=3.5:1の割合である.本稿では神経鞘腫と髄膜腫を中心に,合併症回避の観点から手術戦略を記載する.

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

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