icon fsr

文献詳細

雑誌文献

Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科43巻6号

2015年06月発行

文献概要

総説

中枢性神経障害性疼痛に対する薬物治療と外科治療—脊髄刺激療法の現状と課題

著者: 種井隆文1 梶田泰一2 若林俊彦2

所属機関: 1名古屋セントラル病院脳神経外科 2名古屋大学大学院医学系研究科脳神経外科

ページ範囲:P.507 - P.515

文献購入ページに移動
Ⅰ.はじめに
 慢性疼痛は,急性疼痛の生体防御に果たす役割を越え1〜3カ月以上持続する痛みであり,発生機序より次の3つに分類される.①痛覚の受容器が刺激されて発生する侵害受容性疼痛(nociceptive pain),②知覚求心路神経が障害されたことで発生する神経障害性疼痛(neuropathic pain),③心因性に発生する心因性疼痛(psychogenic pain)である.慢性疼痛は,これらの病態が重複することが多く,特に神経障害性疼痛は,薬物および外科的治療が奏功せず治療に難渋する.
 神経障害性疼痛は,2008年,国際疼痛学会(IASP)により「体性感覚系に対する損傷や疾患によって直接引き起こされる痛み」と定義された27).神経の損傷部位によって末梢性と中枢性に分類される.末梢性神経障害性疼痛は,帯状疱疹後神経痛,糖尿病性神経障害に伴う痛み,腕神経叢引き抜き損傷後痛,幻肢痛などが挙げられる.中枢性神経障害性疼痛は,中枢性脳卒中後疼痛(central post stroke pain:CPSP),脊髄損傷後疼痛(spinal cord injury pain:SCI痛),多発性硬化症を原因とする疼痛などが代表的である.脳神経外科医は,中枢神経系疾患の治療に携わることが多いため,必然的に中枢性神経障害性疼痛に関わることが多い.
 脳卒中や脊髄損傷のように中枢神経系の障害により,運動麻痺や知覚異常などの後遺症のある患者に疼痛が加わると,quality of lifeはさらに低下する.そのため中枢性神経障害性疼痛患者においては,複合的要因を考慮した包括的診療のもと,薬物や外科治療,理学療法や心理療法を併用し集学的治療をすることが望ましい.脳神経外科医は,その中心となって積極的に疼痛治療に取り組むことが期待される.今回,脳神経外科医が知っておきたい中枢性神経障害性疼痛に対する最新の薬剤治療および外科的治療に関して報告する.

参考文献

1) Adams EH, Breiner S, Cicero TJ, Geller A, Inciardi JA, Schnoll SH, Senay EC, Woody GE:A comparison of the abuse liability of tramadol, NSAIDs, and hydrocodone in patients with chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 31:465-476, 2006
2) 上利 崇,伊達 勲:脊髄刺激再考.No Shinkei Geka 41:851-874, 2013
3) 上利 崇,伊達 勲:Post-stroke painに対するSCS.ペインクリニック35:1333-1342, 2014
4) Aly MM, Saitoh Y, Hosomi K, Oshino S, Kishima H, Yoshimine T:Spinal cord stimulation for central poststroke pain. Neurosurgery 67:ons206-ons212;discussion ons212, 2007
5) Andersen G, Vestergaard K, Ingeman-Nielsen M, Jensen TS:Incidence of central post-stroke pain. Pain 61:187-194, 1995
6) Attal N, Cruccu G, Baron R, Haanpää M, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Nurmikko T:EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain:2010 version. Eur J Neurol 17:1113-1123, 2010
7) Bamigbade TA, Davidson C, Langford RM, Stamford JA:Actions of tramadol, its enantiomers and principal metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, on serotonin(5-HT)efflux and uptake in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Br J Anaesth 79:352-356, 1997
8) Bittar RG, Kar-Purkayastha I, Owen SL, Bear RE, Green A, Wang S, Aziz TZ:Deep brain stimulation for pain relief:a meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 12:515-519, 2005
9) Bowsher D:Central pain:clinical and physiological characteristics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 61:62-69, 1996
10) Bowsher D, Leijon G, Thuomas KA:Central poststroke pain:correlation of MRI with clinical pain characteristics and sensory abnormalities. Neurology 51:1352-1358, 1998
11) Cruccu G, Aziz TZ, Garcia-Larrea L, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Lefaucheur JP, Simpson BA, Taylor RS:EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 14:952-970, 2007
12) Cuello AC:Endogenous opioid peptides in neurons of the human brain. Lancet 2:291-293, 1978
13) Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Audette J, Baron R, Gourlay GK, Haanpää ML, Kent JL, Krane EJ, Lebel AA, Levy RM, Mackey SC, Mayer J, Miaskowski C, Raja SN, Rice AS, Schmader KE, Stacey B, Stanos S, Treede RD, Turk DC, Walco GA, Wells CD:Recommendations for the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain:an overview and literature update. Mayo Clin Proc 85:S3-S14, 2010
14) Fields HL, Anderson SD:Evidence that raphe-spinal neurons mediate opiate and midbrain stimulation-produced analgesias. Pain 5:333-349, 1978
15) Flor H, Elbert T, Knecht S, Wienbruch C, Pantev C, Birbaumer N, Larbig W, Taub E:Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation. Nature 375:482-484, 1995
16) Frey ME, Manchikanti L, Benyamin RM, Schultz DZ, Simth HS, Sohen SP:Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome:a systemic review. Pain Physician 12:379-397, 2009
17) Gerhart KD, Yezierski RP, Fang ZR, Willis WD:Inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract neurons by stimulation in ventral posterior lateral(VPLc)thalamic nucleus:possible mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 49:406-423, 1983
18) Hosobuchi Y, Adams JE, Linchitz R:Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the central gray matter in humans and its reversal by naloxone. Science 197:183-186, 1977
19) Hosobuchi Y, Rossier J, Bloom FE, Guillemin R:Stimulation of human periaqueductal gray for pain relief increases immunoreactive beta-endorphin in ventricular fluid. Science 203:279-281, 1979
20) Inoue K, Koizumi S, Tsuda M:The role of nucleotides in the neuron-glia communication responsible for the brain functions. J Neurochem 102:1447-1458, 2007
21) Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi K, Kasai M, Oshima H, Fukaya C:Motor cortex stimulation for post-stroke pain:comparison of spinal cord and thalamic stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 77:183-186, 2001
22) Kim JS, Bashford G, Murphy TK, Martin A, Dror V, Cheung R:Safety and efficacy of pregabalin in patients with central post-stroke pain. Pain 152:1018-1023, 2011
23) Kishima H, Saitoh Y, Oshino S, Hosomi K, Ali M, Maruo T, Hirata M, Goto T, Yanagisawa T, Sumitani M, Osaki Y, Hatazawa J, Yoshimine T:Modulation of neuronal activity after spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain;H(2)15O PET study. Neuroimage 49:2564-2569, 2010
24) Lefaucheur JP, André-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Cantello RM, Cincotta M, de Carvalho M, De Ridder D, Devanne H, Di Lazzaro V, Filipović SR, Hummel FC, Jääskeläinen SK, Kimiskidis VK, Koch G, Langguth B, Nyffeler T, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Poulet E, Rossi S, Rossini PM, Rothwell JC, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Siebner HR, Slotema CW, Stagg CJ, Valls-Sole J, Ziemann U, Paulus W, Garcia-Larrea L:Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol 125:2150-2206, 2014
25) Leijon G, Boivie J:Central post-stroke pain--a controlled trial of amitriptyline and carbamazepine. Pain 36:27-36, 1989
26) Lenz FA, Kwan HC, Dostrovsky JO, Tasker RR:Characteristics of the bursting pattern of action potentials that occurs in the thalamus of patients with central pain. Brain Res 496:357-360, 1989
27) Loeser JD, Treede RD:The Kyoto protocol of IASP Basic Pain Terminology. Pain 137:473-477, 2008
28) 眞下 節:神経因性疼痛発症のメカニズム.痛みと臨床3:61-71, 2003
29) Meyerson BA, Linderoth B:Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain. Neurol Res 22:285-292, 2000
30) Moulin D, Boulanger A, Clark AJ, Clarke H, Dao T, Finley GA, Furlan A, Gilron I, Gordon A, Morley-Forster PK, Sessle BJ, Squire P, Stinson J, Taenzer P, Velly A, Ware MA, Weinberg EL, Williamson OD:Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain:revised consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society. Pain Res Manag 19:328-335, 2014
31) Nardone R, Höller Y, Leis S, Höller P, Thon N, Thomschewski A, Golaszewski S, Brigo F, Trinka E:Invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury:a review. J Spinal Cord Med 37:19-31, 2014
32) Nguyen JP, Lefaucheur JP, Decq P, Uchiyama T, Carpentier A, Fontaine D, Brugières P, Pollin B, Fève A, Rostaing S, Cesaro P, Keravel Y:Chronic motor cortex stimulation in the treatment of central and neuropathic pain. Correlations between clinical, electrophysiological and anatomical data. Pain 82:245-251, 1999
33) 日本ペインクリニック学会神経障害性疼痛薬物療法ガイドライン作成ワーキンググループ(編):神経障害性疼痛薬物治療ガイドライン.真興交易(株)医書出版部,東京,2011
34) Onouchi K, Koga H, Yokoyama K, Yoshiyama T:An open-label, long-term study examining the safety and tolerability of pregabalin in Japanese patients with central neuropathic pain. J Pain Res 7:439-447, 2014
35) Panerai AE, Monza G, Movilia P, Bianchi M, Francucci BM, Tiengo M:A randomized, within patient, crossover, placebo-controlled trial on efficacy and tolerability of the tricyclic antidepressants chlorimipramine and nortriptyline in central pain. Acta Neurol Scandin 82:34-38, 1990
36) Papuc E, Rejdak K:The role of neurostimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Ann Agric Environ Med 1:14-17, 2013
37) Rowbotham MC, Twilling L, Davies PS, Reisner L, Taylor K, Mohr D:Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain. N Engl J Med 348:1223-1232, 2003
38) Saitoh Y, Yoshimine T:Stimulation of primary motor cortex stimulation for intractable deafferentation pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl 97:51-56, 2007
39) Shealy CN, Mortimer JT, Reswick JB:Electrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns:preliminary clinical report. Anesth Analg 46:489-491, 1967
40) Sindrup SH, Bach FW, Madsen C, Gram LF, Jensen TS:Venlafaxine versus imipramine in painful polyneuropathy:a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology 60:1284-1289, 2003
41) Tani N, Saitoh Y, Hirata M, Kato A, Yoshimine T:Bilateral cortical stimulation for deafferentation pain after spinal cord injury. Case report. J Neurosurg 101:687-689, 2004
42) Taylor RS:Spinal cord stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome and refractory neuropathic back and leg pain/failed back surgery syndrome:results of a systematic and meta-analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage 31:13-19, 2006
43) Tracey I, Mantyh PW:The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation. Neuron 55:377-391, 2007
44) Treede RD, Kenshalo DR, Gracely RH, Jones AK:The cortical representation of pain. Pain 79:105-111, 1999
45) Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Hirayama T:Effects of thalamic sensory relay nucleus stimulation on trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons in the cat-nociceptive activity in response to tooth pulp stimulation. Neurol Med Chir(Tokyo) 27:594-600, 1987
46) Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, Hirayama T, Koyama S:Chronic motor cortex stimulation in patients with thalamic pain. J Neurosurg 78:393-401, 1993
47) Vranken JH, Dijkgraaf MGW, Kruis MR, van der Vegt MH, Hollmann MW, Heesen M:Pregabalin in patients with central neuropathic pain:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a flexible-dose regimen. Pain 136:150-157, 2008
48) Wolter T:Spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain:current perspectives. J Pain Res 7:651-663, 2014

掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

雑誌購入ページに移動
icon up
あなたは医療従事者ですか?