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雑誌文献

Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科44巻10号

2016年10月発行

文献概要

総説

児童虐待による頭部外傷の診断と対応

著者: 埜中正博1

所属機関: 1関西医科大学脳神経外科

ページ範囲:P.815 - P.822

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Ⅰ.はじめに
 近年,児童虐待として児童相談所に通告される事例は増加の一途をたどっており,社会的に深刻さを増している.虐待の定義は,厚生労働省によると身体的虐待,性的虐待,ネグレクト,心理的虐待に分類されるが27),身体的虐待の中でも虐待による頭部外傷は重度の後遺障害を残したり,死に至る原因となる.虐待は繰り返される例も多く,事態が深刻になる前に適切に対応することで被虐待児を救える可能性があるため,虐待を発見することは大きな意味をもつ.
 虐待の通告件数は1990年にはわずか110件であったが,2000年に施行された「児童虐待の防止等に関する法律」で虐待の通告が義務化されると17,725件に急増し,2014年度には88,931件にまで増加した27).これは単に虐待数が増加しただけではなく,虐待に対する社会の関心が高まっていることも反映している.また,厚生労働省の子ども虐待による死亡事例等の検証報告書によると,2013年度の心中死以外の虐待による死亡例は36例で,うち頭部外傷が原因であった例は11例であり最も多かった28).われわれ脳神経外科医も,虐待が疑われる例を適切に,かつ速やかに通告することを義務づけられていることを改めて自覚する必要がある.ところが,いざ虐待が疑われる症例を診察した時,果たしてこれは虐待により受傷した外傷であるのか,あるいは両親が述べるような受傷機転で起きた外傷なのかわからない例も多い.本稿では,特に診断に苦慮することが多い硬膜下血腫の事例について,虐待との関連について考察されてきた歴史と,現在の考え方,実際どのような例が虐待によって生じた可能性があるのか,また疑われる例に遭遇した時,どのような対応を取るべきなのかについて述べる.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

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