Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科44巻8号

2016年08月発行

連載 脳腫瘍Update

（9）脳神経・脊髄神経腫瘍

著者： 本村和也¹ ルシュンチャリセ¹

所属機関： ¹名古屋大学大学院医学系研究科脳神経外科学

ページ範囲：P.699 - P.709

Ⅰ．はじめに
　WHO脳腫瘍分類2007においては，脳神経・脊髄神経腫瘍は，①神経鞘腫（シュワン細胞腫，schwannoma），②神経線維腫（neurofibroma），③悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍（malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor：MPNST），④神経周膜腫（perineurioma）に分かれる．本稿では特に①〜③について，最新の知見を含めて詳細に解説する．

参考文献

1) Antinheimo J, Sankila R, Carpén O, Pukkala E, Sainio M, Jääskeläinen J：Population-based analysis of sporadic and type 2 neurofibromatosis-associated meningiomas and schwannomas. Neurology 54：71-76, 2000

2) Bondy M, Ligon BL：Epidemiology and etiology of intracranial meningiomas：a review. J Neurooncol 29：197-205, 1996

3) Brackmann DE, Owens RM, Friedman RA, Hitselberger WE, De la Cruz A, House JW, Nelson RA, Luxford WM, Slattery WH 3rd, Fayad JN：Prognostic factors for hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery. Am J Otol 21：417-424, 2000

4) Broski SM, Johnson GB, Howe BM, Nathan MA, Wenger DE, Spinner RJ, Amrami KK：Evaluation of（18）F-FDG PET and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Skeletal Radiol 45：1097-1105, 2016

5) Carlson ML, Habermann EB, Wagie AE, Driscoll CL, Van Gompel JJ, Jacob JT, Link MJ：The changing landscape of vestibular schwannoma management in the United States--a shift toward conservatism. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 153：440-446, 2015

6) Coindre JM：Grading of soft tissue sarcomas：review and update. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130：1448-1453, 2006

7) Evans DG, Baser ME, O'Reilly B, Rowe J, Gleeson M, Saeed S, King A, Huson SM, Kerr R, Thomas N, Irving R, MacFarlane R, Ferner R, McLeod R, Moffat D, Ramsden R：Management of the patient and family with neurofibromatosis 2：a consensus conference statement. Br J Neurosurg 19：5-12, 2005

8) Evans DG, Moran A, King A, Saeed S, Gurusinghe N, Ramsden R：Incidence of vestibular schwannoma and neurofibromatosis 2 in the North West of England over a 10-year period：higher incidence than previously thought. Otol Neurotol 26：93-97, 2005

9) Evans DG, Kalamarides M, Hunter-Schaedle K, Blakeley J, Allen J, Babovic-Vuskanovic D, Belzberg A, Bollag G, Chen R, DiTomaso E, Golfinos J, Harris G, Jacob A, Kalpana G, Karajannis M, Korf B, Kurzrock R, Law M, McClatchey A, Packer R, Roehm P, Rubenstein A, Slattery W 3rd, Tonsgard JH, Welling DB, Widemann B, Yohay K, Giovannini M：Consensus recommendations to accelerate clinical trials for neurofibromatosis type 2. Clin Cancer Res 15：5032-5039, 2009

10) Farid M, Demicco EG, Garcia R, Ahn L, Merola PR, Cioffi A, Maki RG：Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Oncologist 19：193-201, 2014

11) Hasegawa T, Kida Y, Kobayashi T, Yoshimoto M, Mori Y, Yoshida J：Long-term outcomes in patients with vestibular schwannomas treated using gamma knife surgery：10-year follow up. J Neurosurg 119 Suppl：10-16, 2013

12) Hou YP, Wu MY:［Isolation and purification of p30 from human seminal plasma]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 18：357-360, 1987

13) Kaylie DM, Horgan MJ, Delashaw JB, McMenomey SO：A meta-analysis comparing outcomes of microsurgery and gamma knife radiosurgery. Laryngoscope 110：1850-1856, 2000

14) Khrais T, Romano G, Sanna M：Nerve origin of vestibular schwannoma：a prospective study. J Laryngol Otol 122：128-131, 2008

15) Komatsuzaki A, Tsunoda A：Nerve origin of the acoustic neuroma. J Laryngol Otol 115：376-379, 2001

16) Lin D, Hegarty JL, Fischbein NJ, Jackler RK：The prevalence of “incidental” acoustic neuroma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131：241-244, 2005

17) Mahboubi H, Maducdoc MM, Yau AY, Ziai K, Ghavami Y, Badran KW, Al-Thobaiti M, Brandon B, Djalilian HR：Vestibular schwannoma excision in sporadic versus neurofibromatosis type 2 populations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 153：822-831, 2015

18) Matthies C, Samii M：Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas（acoustic neuromas）：clinical presentation. Neurosurgery 40：1-9；discussion 9-10, 1997

19) Neff BA, Wiet RM, Lasak JM, Cohen NL, Pillsbury HC, Ramsden RT, Welling DB：Cochlear implantation in the neurofibromatosis type 2 patient：long-term follow-up. Laryngoscope 117：1069-1072, 2007

20) Pekmezci M, Reuss DE, Hirbe AC, Dahiya S, Gutmann DH, von Deimling A, Horvai AE, Perry A：Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and cellular schwannomas. Mod Pathol 28：187-200, 2015

21) Plotkin SR, Blakeley JO, Evans DG, Hanemann CO, Hulsebos TJ, Hunter-Schaedle K, Kalpana GV, Korf B, Messiaen L, Papi L, Ratner N, Sherman LS, Smith MJ, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Vitte J, Giovannini M：Update from the 2011 International Schwannomatosis Workshop：From genetics to diagnostic criteria. Am J Med Genet A 161A：405-416, 2013

22) Rodriguez FJ, Folpe AL, Giannini C, Perry A：Pathology of peripheral nerve sheath tumors：diagnostic overview and update on selected diagnostic problems. Acta Neuropathol 123：295-319, 2012

23) Samii M, Matthies C：Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas（acoustic neuromas）：surgical management and results with an emphasis on complications and how to avoid them. Neurosurgery 40：11-21；discussion 21-23, 1997

24) Samii M, Metwali H, Gerganov V：Microsurgical management of vestibular schwannoma after failed previous surgery. J Neurosurg. Jan 15 2016：1-6［Epub ahead of print］

25) Scheller C, Wienke A, Tatagiba M, Gharabaghi A, Ramina KF, Ganslandt O, Bischoff B, Zenk J, Engelhorn T, Matthies C, Westermaier T, Antoniadis G, Pedro MT, Rohde V, von Eckardstein K, Kretschmer T, Kornhuber M, Steighardt J, Richter M, Barker FG 2nd, Strauss C：Prophylactic nimodipine treatment for cochlear and facial nerve preservation after vestibular schwannoma surgery：a randomized multicenter Phase Ⅲ trial. J Neurosurg 124：657-664, 2016

26) Seferis C, Torrens M, Paraskevopoulou C, Psichidis G：Malignant transformation in vestibular schwannoma：report of a single case, literature search, and debate. J Neurosurg 121 Suppl：160-166, 2014

27) Stadler JA 3rd, Qadri U, Tang JA, Scheer JK, Melkonian SC, Smith ZA, Lam SK：Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the spine：a SEER database analysis. J Clin Neurosci 21：1106-1111, 2014

28) Stangerup SE, Tos M, Thomsen J, Caye-Thomasen P：True incidence of vestibular schwannoma? Neurosurgery 67：1335-1340；discussion 1340, 2010

29) Sughrue ME, Kane AJ, Kaur R, Barry JJ, Rutkowski MJ, Pitts LH, Cheung SW, Parsa AT：A prospective study of hearing preservation in untreated vestibular schwannomas. J Neurosurg 114：381-385, 2011

30) Suzuki M, Hashimoto S, Kano S, Okitsu T：Prevalence of acoustic neuroma associated with each configuration of pure tone audiogram in patients with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 119：615-618, 2010

31) Thamburaj K, Radhakrishnan VV, Thomas B, Nair S, Menon G：Intratumoral microhemorrhages on T2＊-weighted gradient-echo imaging helps differentiate vestibular schwannoma from meningioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29：552-557, 2008

32) Thway K, Fisher C：Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor：pathology and genetics. Ann Diagn Pathol 18：109-116, 2014

33) Ushio M, Iwasaki S, Chihara Y, Kawahara N, Morita A, Saito N, Murofushi T：Is the nerve origin of the vestibular schwannoma correlated with vestibular evoked myogenic potential, caloric test, and auditory brainstem response? Acta Otolaryngol 129：1095-1100, 2009

34) Ushio M, Iwasaki S, Murofushi T, Sugasawa K, Chihara Y, Fujimoto C, Nakamura M, Yamaguchi T, Yamasoba T：The diagnostic value of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential in patients with vestibular schwannoma. Clin Neurophysiol 120：1149-1153, 2009

35) Wang Z, Liu Z, Liu B, Liu G, Wu S：Dissecting the roles of Ephrin-A3 in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor by TALENs. Oncol Rep 34：391-398, 2015

36) Yoshino M, Kin T, Ito A, Saito T, Nakagawa D, Ino K, Kamada K, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Nakatomi H, Oyama H, Saito N：Feasibility of diffusion tensor tractography for preoperative prediction of the location of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves in relation to vestibular schwannoma. Acta Neurochir（Wien）157：939-946；discussion 946, 2015

37) Yoshino M, Kin T, Ito A, Saito T, Nakagawa D, Ino K, Kamada K, Mori H, Kunimatsu A, Nakatomi H, Oyama H, Saito N：Combined use of diffusion tensor tractography and multifused contrast-enhanced FIESTA for predicting facial and cochlear nerve positions in relation to vestibular schwannoma. J Neurosurg 123：1480-1488, 2015

38) Zhou W, Du X, Song F, Zheng H, Chen K, Zhang W, Yang J：Prognostic roles for fibroblast growth factor receptor family members in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Oncotarget. Mar 14 2016［Epub ahead of print］