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Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科46巻5号

2018年05月発行

文献概要

総説

カルムスチン脳内留置用剤(ギリアデル®)による初発膠芽腫の治療成績

著者: 隈部俊宏1 柴原一陽1 齋藤竜太2

所属機関: 1北里大学医学部脳神経外科 2東北大学大学院医学系研究科神経外科学分野

ページ範囲:P.367 - P.376

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Ⅰ.はじめに
 初発膠芽腫に対して,ランダム化比較第Ⅲ相臨床試験によって明らかな治療効果があると判明した治療方法は,2018年初春の現時点で放射線治療26),テモゾロミド(temozolomide:TMZ)21),Novo-TTF(Tumor-Treating Fields)100Aシステム(腫瘍治療電場療法,オプチューン®)22,23)の3つしかない.
 膠芽腫は,形態学的にpseudopalisading necrosis, microvascular proliferation, mitosis, nuclear atypiaを有する神経膠腫である.複雑な脳腫瘍分類の中では診断基準が比較的明快であるが,遺伝子学的にはIDH wild typeのみから成り立っているわけではなく,より予後の良好なIDH mutant typeも含まれるし,MGMT promoter methylationの有無によって治療反応性は異なる.臨床学的にも,年齢,Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS),腫瘍摘出度などの因子が治療成績に大きく影響することも明白である.
 ある治療方法が有効かどうか判明するのには相当の時間を必要とするし,たとえランダム化比較第Ⅲ相臨床試験だと言っても,その研究が行われた段階で判明していない因子が両群間で偏っていれば結果の解釈は難しくなる.そもそもYanらによって,IDH遺伝子異常が神経膠腫形成に大きく関与することが発表されたのは,今から9年前の2009年のことである29)
 今回論点とするカルムスチン脳内留置用剤(carmustine wafers, BCNU wafers,ギリアデル®)は,本来ランダム化比較第Ⅲ相臨床試験によって初発膠芽腫に対して明らかな治療効果があると判断されていた可能性が高い治療方法である.しかし現実にはそうではない.
 この薬剤がどういった経緯で開発され,果たして初発膠芽腫に対してどういうエビデンスレベルにあるのか,また現在標準治療として受け止められているTMZ併用放射線療法およびTMZ維持療法(Stupp regimen)との組み合わせでどういう結果が得られているのかをまとめてみたい.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

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