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Neurological Surgery 脳神経外科47巻10号

2019年10月発行

文献概要

総説

大脳半球切除術と離断術の歴史と進歩

著者: 川合謙介1

所属機関: 1自治医科大学脳神経外科

ページ範囲:P.1021 - P.1036

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Ⅰ.はじめに
 大脳半球切除術(hemispherectomy)や大脳半球離断術(hemispherotomy)は,片側大脳半球に広汎なてんかん焦点を有する難治性てんかんに対して用いられる手術手技である.一側広汎なてんかん焦点に起因するてんかん発作に対する強力な抑制効果だけでなく28),精神運動発達や行動障害も改善することが50年以上の長い歴史を経て示されてきた42).特に,小児の重症てんかんに対する劇的な効果が認知されてからは,世界の多くのてんかんセンターで施行されるようになり,小児てんかん外科症例の増加の一翼を担っている.
 大脳半球の切除という極めて侵襲的な手術であり,有効性と安全性を高めるために,さまざまな工夫が提唱されてきたのも本手術の特徴である.大脳半球のほぼ完全な解剖学的摘出から始まり,重篤な合併症であるhemosiderosisに対処するためのmodification,そして,機能的な大脳半球切除術(functional hemispherectomy)から白質離断を主体とした大脳半球離断術へと進展し,さらに最近では,低侵襲な内視鏡下大脳半球離断術までもが行われるようになった.2013年の『Neurology』誌の巻頭言で,Wiebeら46)は,“Big epilepsy surgery for little people”とのタイトルで大脳半球切除の良好な長期転帰を報告した論文27)を取り上げたが,今日ではもはや“big surgery”ではなくなりつつあるとも言える.
 本手術に関する総説3,11,17,19,23,40)は既に多く発表されている.歴史についての総説42)も本誌に発表されているが,ちょうど10年が経過したので,ここでまた,術式の進歩や解剖学的理解についてまとめておく.てんかん外科や機能外科には長い歴史を有する手術が多いが,大脳半球切除術の歴史は特に興味深く,示唆に富んでいる.これを機会に,これまで紹介されてこなかった逸話や本邦での歴史なども紹介しておこうと思う.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1251

印刷版ISSN:0301-2603

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