検査と技術40巻4号

2012年04月発行

トピックス

血中遊離癌細胞(CTC)

著者： 矢形寛¹

所属機関： ¹聖路加国際病院乳腺外科

ページ範囲：P.327 - P.331

はじめに

　癌細胞は，原発巣から脈管(血管，リンパ管)に入り込み，個々の細胞，または小さな細胞集団として流れていく．このような細胞は死滅し分解されてしまうものが多いが，時に生き残って他臓器に到達し，脈管から組織内に定着して増殖していく．この現象を転移という．したがって脈管，特に血管内に遊離し，そのなかで生き残っている癌細胞，すなわち血中遊離癌細胞(circulating tumor cells，CTC)をなんらかの方法で捉えて調べることによって，転移という現象に関して有用な情報が得られるのではないかと考えられる．現在までCTCの存在と性質を捉えるべく数々の方法で細胞の単離や癌細胞由来の遺伝子の検出が試みられてきた．近年，検出にまつわるさまざまな問題が解決され，臨床応用されるようになってきた．

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