公衆衛生73巻7号

2009年07月発行

特集 自治体中心の新たな健康政策―Health Impact Assessmentの導入

健康影響評価の概要とその応用の可能性―背景，概念，定義，基盤，手法など

著者： 藤野善久¹

所属機関： ¹産業医科大学公衆衛生学教室

ページ範囲：P.483 - P.487

　国や地方自治体が実施するさまざまな政策や事業，また時には企業による事業が，結果として予期せぬ健康影響を招くということを，多くの地域が経験してきた．Health Impact Assessment(HIA：健康影響評価)とは，影響評価(Impact Assessment)の手法の1つで，1990年代頃より諸外国において積極的に活用されてきたものであり，提案された政策・施策・事業に対して，健康影響を予測し，不利益を最小化し，便益を最大限にするように政策形成に貢献しようという試みである^1,2)．すでに欧州を中心に，ダム建設や空港建設などの大型事業や地域開発，雇用政策など，さまざまな分野で活用が始まっている³⁾．

参考文献

1) WHO European Centre for Health Policy:Health Impact Assessment;main concepts and suggested approach Gothenburg paper, 1999

2) 藤野善久，松田晋哉：Health Impact Assessmentの基本的概念および日本での今後の取り組みに関する考察．日本公衛誌54(2)：73-80, 2007

3) Kemm J, Parry J, Palmer S:Health Impact Assessment;concepts, theory, techniques, and applications. Oxford University Press, 2004

4) BMA Board of Science and education:Health and Environmental Impact Assessment. Earthscan, London, 1998

5) Scottish office:Towards a Healthier Scotland(A white paper on health). The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, 1999

6) Scott-Samuel A:Health impact assessment-theory into practice. J Epidemiol Community Health 52(11):704-705, 1998

7) Taylor L, Health Development Agency, editors:Introducing health impact assessment(HIA);informing the decidion-making process. Health Development Agency, London, 2002

8) The National Assembly for Wales:Developing health impact assessment in Wales, 1999

9) Scott-Samuel A, Birley M, Ardern K:The Merseyside Guidelines for Health Impact Assessment. second ed. the International Health Impact Assessment Consortium, Liverpool, 2001

10) CSDH:Closing the gap in a generation;health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008

11) Muna I Abdel-Aziz, John Radford, John McCabe:Health Impact Assessment;finningley Airport. Doncaster Health Authority and Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council, Doncaster, 2000

12) Greater London Authority:The London Plan;spatial development strategy for greater London. 2004

13) Cave B:Victoria Station Upgrade Health Impact Assessment. 2007［cited;Available from:www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/Victoria-supporting-Health-Impact-Assessment-1.pdf］

14) Cave B, Cooke A, Benson K:Urban Renaissance Lewisham health and social impact assessment. 2004［cited;Available from:http://www.lewisham.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/F33C4B93-9289-4A43-B2E3-8D08DFBF95A8/0/health_social_summary.pdf］

15) Bhatia R, Farhang L, Heller J, Capozza K, Melendez J, Gilhuly K, et al:A Health Impact Assessment of the California Healthy Families, Healthy Workplaces Act of 2008. Human Impact Partners and San Francisco Department of Public Health, Oakland, 2008

16) Berkman L, Kawachi I:Social Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York, 2000

17) Marmot M, Wilkinson R:Social Determinants of Health. Oxford University Press, New York, 1999

18) 藤野善久，松田晋哉：「新しい自律的な労働時間制度」に関するHealth Impact Assessment．産業衛生学雑誌49(2):45-53, 2007

19) World Health Organization:Constitution, Geneva

20) Douglas M, Scott-Samuel A:Addressing health inequalities in health impact assessment. J Epidemiol Community Health 55(7):450-451, 2001