公衆衛生77巻10号

2013年10月発行

特集 日常生活とアレルギー

大気汚染とアレルギー

著者： 井上健一郎¹

所属機関： ¹国際医療福祉大学

ページ範囲：P.807 - P.812

アレルギーにかかる内的・外的要因

　現在では，花粉症(アレルギー性鼻炎・結膜炎)，アトピー性皮膚炎，気管支喘息，薬剤・食物アレルギーなどのアレルギー疾患に罹患している人は3割を超え，医療機関での治療・管理のみならず，その対応策や日常ケアについての啓蒙活動の重要性も増しつつある．

　同疾患は複数の遺伝(個体)要因と環境要因が相互に作用して起こる多因子性疾患と考えられており，また，その発症のみならず病態増悪にもさまざまな要因が関与していることが示唆されている．これまで，ある種の遺伝子多型・変異がアレルギー疾患の病因の一翼を担っていることは明確化されており，「宿主の(アレルギー)感受性」という定義で表現されることもある．さらに近年注目されている個体要因として，肥満が挙げられる．肥満が喘息をはじめとするアレルギー疾患の発症や悪化に関与しているとの疫学研究が活発に発表されており，メタボリックシンドロームなどと同等に「生活習慣病」としてそのクリニカルエンティティーが羅列される考え方も存在する．一方で，住居・食・水圏・大気圏などをはじめとするわれわれを取り巻く環境は，ここ数年で急激な変化を遂げてきた．

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