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臨床眼科60巻2号

2006年02月発行

文献概要

特集 どこまで進んだ 分子病態の解明と標的治療

前眼部の免疫―眼炎症自動制御の分子機構

著者: 堀純子1

所属機関: 1日本医科大学眼科学教室

ページ範囲:P.116 - P.123

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眼免疫特権の意義

 炎症は本来,病原体などの非自己を排除するために必要な生体防御反応であるが,過剰な炎症は正常な自己組織まで破壊するため,自己にとって不利益な結果をもたらす。眼には免疫特権(immune privilege)1)という特殊な性質があり,眼内炎症は自動制御されているため,他臓器に比べて眼内には炎症が生じにくく,もし生じた場合でもできるだけ組織を傷めずに自然治癒することが実は多い。動物実験では,眼の免疫特権が破綻すると,自己免疫や感染に関連した内眼炎は発症しやすく,かつ重症で治癒しにくいことが証明されている。また,臓器移植のなかでトップの成功率を誇る角膜移植も,免疫特権なしでは,心臓移植や皮膚移植と同じく高頻度で拒絶される。

 ではなぜ,眼には免疫特権があるのか。角膜内皮や網膜など生体内で再生しない組織の障害は不可逆的な視機能損失に直結し,高等動物にとって高度な生命活動の存続の危機となる。免疫特権は,眼,脳,生殖器官など,高次元の生命活動に必須の臓器のみに備わっており,臓器機能温存のための炎症制御機構と考えられている。

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1308

印刷版ISSN:0370-5579

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