文献詳細
特集 EBMに基づく小児泌尿器科診療
文献概要
要旨 VUR(vesicoureteral reflux)の治療戦略は,VURに続発するとされる腎盂腎炎,腎の瘢痕化,高血圧および慢性腎不全を予防することを目的として,逆流防止術を中心とした外科的治療,抗菌薬長期予防投与による内科的治療,および両者の組み合わせによって行われてきた。しかし,エビデンスの高いデータが蓄積するにつれ,今その治療戦略が大きく変わろうとしている。最近のRandomized Controlled Trialsとシステマティックレビューによると,外科的治療は有熱性尿路感染症の再発率を減少させるものの腎実質障害の進行にはまったく関与せず,内科的治療にいたってはほとんど役に立っていないことがわかってきた。VUR治療の妥当性を検証し,VUR治療におけるEBM(evidence-based medicine)について考える。
参考文献
1)Elder JS, Peters CA, Arant BS Jr, et al:Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux guidelines panel summary report on the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol 157:1846-1851, 1997
2)Wennerstrom M, Hansson S, Hedner T, et al:Ambulatory blood pressure 16-26 years after the first urinary tract infection in childhood. J Hypertens 18:485-491, 2000
3)Wennerstrom M, Hansson S, Jodal U, et al:Renal function 16 to 26 years after the first urinary tract infection in childhood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:339-345, 2000
4)Williams GJ, Wei L, Lee A, et al:Long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD001534, 2006
5)Hodson EM, Wheeler DM, Vimalchandra D, et al:Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD001532, 2007
6)Capozza N and Caione P:Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer implantation for vesico-ureteral reflux:a randomized comparison with antibiotic prophylaxis. J Pediatr 140:230-234, 2002
7)Smellie JM, Barratt TM, Chantler C, et al:Medical versus surgical treatment in children with severe bilateral vesicoureteric reflux and bilateral nephropathy:a randomised trial. Lancet 357:1329-1333, 2001
8)Craig JC, Irwig LM, Knight JF, et al:Does treatment of vesicoureteric reflux in childhood prevent end-stage renal disease attributable to reflux nephropathy? Pediatrics 105:1236-1241, 2000
9)Garin EH, Olavarria F, Garcia Nieto V, et al:Clinical significance of primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary antibiotic prophylaxis after acute pyelonephritis:a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Pediatrics 117:626-632, 2006
10)Conway PH, Cnaan A, Zaoutis T, et al:Recurrent urinary tract infections in children:risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA 298:179-186, 2007
11)Roussey-Kesler G, Gadjos V, Idres N, et al:Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in children with low grade vesicoureteral reflux:results from a prospective randomized study. J Urol 179:674-679;discussion 679, 2008
12)Pennesi M, Travan L, Peratoner L, et al:Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 121:e1489-e1494, 2008
13)Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al:Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med 348:195-202, 2003
14)Preda I, Jodal U, Sixt R, et al:Normal dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy makes voiding cystourethrography unnecessary after urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 151:581-584, e1, 2007
掲載誌情報