1)丸井英二:わが国におけるEDの疫学とリスクファクター.医学のあゆみ201:397-400,2002
2)Burnett AL:The role of nitric oxide in erectile dysfunction:implications for medical therapy. J Clin Hypertens 12:53-62, 2006
3)萬谷嘉明:末しょう血管レベルでの勃起メカニズム.日本臨牀60:71-75,2002
4)日本性機能学会 ED診療ガイドライン2012年版作成委員会:EDのリスクファクター,リッチヒルメディカル,東京,p10,2012
5)Gazzaruso C, Giordanetti S, De Amici E, et al:Relationship between erectile dysfunction and silent myocardial ischemia in apparently uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients. Circulation 10:22-26, 2004
6)Kloner RA:Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors. In:Heart disease and erectile dysfunction. edited by Kloner RA. Humana Press NJ, USA, pp39-49, 2004
7)Montorsi P, Montorsi F and Schulman CC:Is erectile dysfunction the“tip of the iceberg”of a systemic vascular disorder? Eur Urol 44:352-354, 2003
8)Hall SA, Shackelton R, Rosen RC, et al:Sexual activity, erectile dysfunction, and incident cardiovascular events. Am J Cardiol 105:192-197, 2010
)in clinical populations:an update. Urology 60:12-27, 2002
10)Markou S, Perimenis P, Gyftopoulos K, et al:Vardenafil(Levitra)for erectile dysfunction:a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trial reports. Int J Impot Res 16:470-478, 2004
11)Kloner RA, Jackson G, Hutter AM, et al:Cardiovascular safety update of tadalafil:retrospective analysis of data from placebo-controlled and open-label clinical trials of tadalafil with as needed, three times-per-week or once-a-day dosing. Am J Cardiol 97:1778-1784, 2006
12)Herrmann HC, Chang G, Klugherz BD, et al:Hemodynamic effects of sildenafil in men with severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 342:1622-1626, 2000
13)Al-Ameri H and Kloner RA:Erectile dysfunction and heart failure:the role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Int J Impot Res 21:149-157, 2009
14)Foresta C, Ferlin A, De Toni L, et al:Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function after chronic Tadalafil treatment in subjects with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 18:484-488, 2006
15)Werner N, Kosiol S, Schiegl T, et al:Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med 353:999-1007, 2005
16)Porst H, Roehrborn CG, Secrest RJ, et al:Effects of tadalafil on lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and on erectile dysfunction in sexually active men with both conditions:analyses of pooled data from four randomized, placebo-controlled tadalafil clinical studies. J Sex Med 10:2044-2052, 2013
17)Liao CH, Wu YN, Lin FY, et al:Testosterone replacement therapy can increase circulating endothelial progenitor cell number in men with late onset hypogonadism. Andrology 1:563-569, 2013
18)Kim N, Vardi Y, Padma-Nathan H, et al:Oxygen tension regulates the nitric oxide pathway. Physiological role in penile erection. J Clin Invest 91:437-442, 1993
19)Moreland RB:Is there a role of hypoxemia in penile fibrosis:a viewpoint presented to the Society for the Study of Impotence. Int J Impot Res 10:113-120, 1998
20)Budweiser S, Enderlein S, Jörres RA, et al:Sleep apnea is an independent correlate of erectile and sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 6:3147-3157, 2009