1)IGCCCG:International Germ Cell Consensus Classification:a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancer. J Clin Oncol 15:594-603, 1997
2)Guidelines on Testicular Cancer, European Association of Urology, 2012
3)NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Testicular Cancer, 2012
4)日本泌尿器科学会(編):精巣腫瘍診療ガイドライン.金原出版,東京,2009
5)Gilligan TD, Seidenfeld J, Basch EM, et al:American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline on uses of serum tumor markers in adult males with germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 28:3388-3404, 2010
6)Hinton S, Catalano PJ, Einhorn LH, et al:Cisplatin, etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumors:final analysis of an intergroup trial. Cancer 97:1869-1875, 2003
7)Culine S, Kerbrat P, Kramar A, et al:Refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen for good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors:a randomized trial of the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer Centers(GETUG T93BP). Ann Oncol 18:917-924, 2007
8)Williams SD, Birch R, Einhorn LH, et al:Treatment of disseminated germ-cell tumors with cisplatin, bleomycin, and either vinblastine or etoposide. N Engl J Med 316:1435-1440, 1987
9)日本癌治療学会:GCSF適正使用ガイドライン.http://www.jsco-cpg.jp/guideline/30.html
10)Toner GC, Stockler MR, Boyer MJ, et al:Comparison of two standard chemotherapy regimens for good-prognosis germ-cell tumours:a randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Germ Cell Trial Group. Lancet 357:739-745, 2001
11)Krege S, Beyer J, Souchon R, et al:European Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Germ Cell Cancer:a Report of the Second Meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group(EGCCCG):Part Ⅱ. Eur Urol 53:497-513, 2008
12)Vaena DA, Abonour R, Einhorn LH:Long-term survival after high-dose salvage chemotherapy for germ cell malignancies with adverse prognostic variables. J Clin Oncol 21:4100-4104, 2003 6
13)Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Chamness A, et al:High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med 357:340-348, 2007
14)Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, et al:Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 23:e266-e271, 2005
15)The International Prognostic Factors Study Group:Prognostic factors in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors who experienced treatment failure with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 28:4906-4911, 2010
16)Farhat F, Culine S, Théodore C, et al:Cisplatin and ifosfamide with either vinblastine or etoposide as salvage therapy for refractory or relapsing germ cell tumor patients:the Institut Gustave Roussy experience. Cancer 77:1193-1197, 1996
17)McCaffrey JA, Mazumdar M, Bajorin DF, et al:Ifosfamide- and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy as first-line salvage therapy in germ cell tumors:response and survival. J Clin Oncol 15:2559-2563, 1997
18)Loehrer PJ Sr, Gonin R, Nichols CR, et al:Vinblastine plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin as initial salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell tumor. J Clin Oncol 16:2500-2504, 1998
19)Pico JL, Rosti G, Kramar A, et al:Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer Centers(GETUG-FNCLCC), France;European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation(EBMT):A randomised trial of high-dose chemotherapy in the salvage treatment of patients failing first-line platinum chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumours. Ann Oncol 16:1152-1159, 2005
20)Lorch A, Kollmannsberger C, Hartmann JT, et al:Single versus sequential high-dose chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors:a prospective randomized multicenter trial of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 25:2778-2784, 2007
21)Lorch A, Bascoul-Mollevi C, Kramar A, et al:Conventional-dose versus high-dose chemotherapy as first salvage treatment in male patients with metastatic germ cell tumors:evidence from a large international database. J Clin Oncol 29:2178-2184, 2011
22)Motzer RJ, Sheinfeld J, Mazumdar M, et al:Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell cancer. J Clin Oncol 18:2413-2418, 2000
23)Mead GM, Cullen MH, Huddart R, et al:MRC Testicular Tumour Working Party:A phase Ⅱ trial of TIP(paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin)given as second-line(post-BEP)salvage chemotherapy for patients with metastatic germ cell cancer:a medical research council trial. Br J Cancer 93:178-184, 2005
24)Nonomura N, Oka D, Nishimura K, et al:Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and nedaplatin(TIN)salvage chemotherapy for patients with advanced germ cell tumors. Int J Urol 14:527-531, 2007
25)Shiraishi T, Nakamura T, Mikami K, et al:Salvage chemotherapy with paclitaxel and gemcitabine plus nedaplatin(TGN)as part ofmultidisciplinary therapy in patients with heavily pretreated cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumors. Int J Clin Oncol 14:436-441, 2009
26)Oechsle K, Kollmannsberger C, Honecker F, et al:Long-term survival after treatment with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with and without paclitaxel plus secondary surgery in patients with cisplatin-refractory and/or multiply relapsed germ cell tumors. Eur Urol 60:850-855, 2011
27)Necchi A, Nicolai N, Mariani L, et al:Combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine(TPG)for multiple relapses or platinum-resistant germ cell tumors:long-term outcomes. Clin Genitourin Cancer 12:63-69, 2014
28)Miki T, Mizutani Y, Nonomura N, et al:Irinotecan plus cisplatin has substantial antitumor effect as salvage chemotherapy against germ cell tumors. Cancer 95:1879-1885, 2002
29)Pectasides D, Pectasides M, Farmakis D, et al:Oxaliplatin and irinotecan plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as third-line treatment in relapsed or cisplatin-refractory germ-cell tumor patients:a phase Ⅱ study. Eur Urol 46:216-221, 2004
30)Shamash J, Powles T, Mutsvangwa K, et al:A phase Ⅱ study using a topoisomerase I-based approach in patients with multiply relapsed germ-cell tumours. Ann Oncol 18:925-930, 2007
31)Albers P, Albrecht W, Algaba F, et al:Guidelines on testicularcancer. Eur Urol 48:885-894, 2005
32)Schmoll HJ, Souchou R, Krege S, et al:European consensus on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer:a report of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group(EGCCCG). Ann Oncol 15:1377-1399, 2004
33)Eggener SE, Carver BS, Loeb S, et al:Pathologic findings and clinical outcome of patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after multiple chemotherapy regimens for metastatic testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer 109:528-535, 2007
34)Beck SDW and Foster RS:Long-term outcome of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in the management of testis cancer. World J Urol 24:267-272, 2006
35)Albers P, Weissbach L, Krege S, et al:Prediction of necrosis after chemotherapy of advanced germ cell tumors:results of a prospectivemulticenter trial of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. J Urol 171:1835-1838, 2004
36)Spiess EP, Tannir NM, Tu SM, et al:Viable germ cell tumor at postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, can we predict patients at risk of disease progression? Cancer 110:2700-2708, 2007
37)Steyerberg EW, Keizer HJ, Fossa SD, et al:Prediction of residual retroperitoneal mass histology after chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor:multivariate analysis of individual patient data from six study groups. J Clin Oncol 13:1177, 1995
38)Spiess PE, Brown GA, Pisters LL, et al:Viable malignant germ cel tumor in the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimen. Cancer 107:1503-1510, 2006
39)Collette L, Sylvester RJ, Stenning SP, et al:Impact of the treating institution on survival of patients with“poor-prognosis”metastatic nonseminoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Collaborative Group and the Medical Research Council Testicular Cancer Working Party. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:839-846, 1999
40)Fléchon A, Tavernier E, Boyle H, et al:Long-term oncological outcome after post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissectionin men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumour. BJU Int 106:779-785, 2010