臨床泌尿器科72巻7号

2018年06月発行

特集 エキスパートが本音で語る! 膀胱癌診療の最前線

〈膀胱癌診断の最前線〉

膀胱癌の病理診断

著者： 都築豊徳¹ 高原大志¹ 岩越朱里¹

所属機関： ¹愛知医科大学病院病理診断科

ページ範囲：P.526 - P.531

文献概要

▶ポイント

・WHO/ISUP分類は予後と深く関連した尿路上皮癌の異型度分類である．

・尿路上皮内癌の亜型は浸潤癌のみに生じる．予後と明確な関連性は明らかではない．

・さまざまな尿路上皮癌の分子生物学的分類が提唱されている．治療との相関性が十分ではなく，費用が高額であることから，その有用性についてはまだ検討段階である．

参考文献

1） 日本泌尿器科学会, 日本病理学会, 日本医学放射線学会 （編） : 腎盂・尿管・膀胱癌取扱い規約 第1版. 金原出版, 東京, 2011

2） Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM, et al : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. IARC, Lyon, 2016

3） Mostofi FK, Sobin LH and Torloni H : Histological Typing of Urinary Bladder Tumours. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1973

4） Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, et al : The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial（transitional cell）neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder Consensus Conference Committee. Am J Surg Pathol 22 : 1435─1448, 1998

5） Eble JN, Sauter G, Jonathan I, et al : Pathology And Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs （IARC WHO Classification of Tumours）. IARC, Lyon, 2004

6） Soukup V, Čapoun O, Cohen D, et al : Prognostic Performance and Reproducibility of the 1973 and 2004/2016 World Health Organization Grading Classification Systems in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer : A European Association of Urology Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel Systematic Review. Eur Urol 72 : 801─813, 2017

7） Knowles MA and Hurst CD : Molecular biology of bladder cancer : new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity. Nat Rev Cancer 15 : 25─41, 2015

8） Sanli O, Dobruch J, Knowles MA, et al : Bladder cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3 : 17022, 2017

9） Chang SS, Boorjian SA, Chou R, et al : Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer : AUA/SUO Guideline. J Urol 196 : 1021─1029, 2016

10） Babjuk M, Böhle A, Burger M, et al : EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder : Update 2016. Eur Urol 71 : 447─461, 2017

11） Amin MB and McKenney JK : An approach to the diagnosis of flat intraepithelial lesions of the urinary bladder using the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification system. Adv Anat Pathol 9 : 222─232, 2002

12） Bochner BH, Hansel DE, Efstathiou JA, et al : Urinary Bladder. In : Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al, eds : AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. pp757─765, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2017

13） Mitra AP, Bartsch CC, Bartsch G Jr, et al : Does presence of squamous and glandular differentiation in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder at cystectomy portend poor prognosis? An intensive case-control analysis. Urol Oncol 32 : 117─127, 2014

14） Samaratunga H and Khoo K : Micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder ; a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 45 : 55─64, 2004

15） Linder BJ, Frank I, Cheville JC, et al : Outcomes following radical cystectomy for nested variant of urothelial carcinoma : a matched cohort analysis. J Urol 189 : 1670─1675, 2013

16） Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, et al : Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 376 : 1015─1026, 2017

17） Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, et al : Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA 295 : 2492─2502, 2006

18） Rivenbark AG, O'Connor SM and Coleman WB : Molecular and cellular heterogeneity in breast cancer : challenges for personalized medicine. Am J Pathol 183 : 1113─1124, 2013

19） Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, et al : Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 349 : 859─866, 2003

20） Choi W, Czerniak B, Ochoa A, et al : Intrinsic basal and luminal subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 11 : 400─410, 2014

21） Robertson AG, Kim J, Al-Ahmadie H, et al : Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cell 171 : 540─556 e25, 2017

22） Sjödahl G, Eriksson P, Liedberg F, et al : Molecular classification of urothelial carcinoma : global mRNA classification versus tumour-cell phenotype classification. J Pathol 242 : 113─125, 2017

23） Bhindi B, Frank I, Mason RJ, et al : Oncologic Outcomes for Patients with Residual Cancer at Cystectomy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy : A Pathologic Stage-matched Analysis. Eur Urol 72 : 660─664, 2017

24） Metcalfe MJ, Ferguson JE, Li R, et al : Impact of High-risk Features and Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Cancer Patients with Invasion into the Lamina Propria on Transurethral Resection in the Absence of Deep Muscle Invasion. Eur Urol Focus 3 : 577─583, 2017