臨床泌尿器科75巻10号

2021年09月発行

綜説

尿路変向術の歴史と変遷―黎明期からロボット時代へ

著者： 古家琢也¹ 中根慶太¹ 髙井学¹ 加藤大貴¹ 飯沼光司¹

所属機関： ¹岐阜大学大学院医学系研究科泌尿器科学分野

ページ範囲：P.695 - P.705

要旨

　本稿では，尿路変向術の歴史を振り返るとともに，現在行われるようになってきたロボット支援体腔内尿路変向術についても解説をした．今の主流である回腸導管，新膀胱，尿管皮膚瘻でさえも，これまでさまざまなtry and errorがあり，一方で消えていった多くの尿路変向術も存在する．尿路変向術の歴史を振り返ることで，われわれが実際行っている尿路変向術がいかに安定した成績を残せているかを実感していただければ幸いである．

参考文献

1） Morris H : On a Case in Which the Urinary Bladder Was Twice Ruptured ; The First Time by Violence ; The Second Time （Seven Years After the First） by the Giving Way of the Adhesion Whereby the Rent Had Been Closed. Med Chir Trans 70 : 195-205, 1887

2） Simon J : Ectopic Vesicae. Lancet 2 : 568-570, 1852

3） Coffey RC : Transplantation of the Ureters into Large Intestine : Submucous Implantation Method. Br J Urol 3 : 353-358, 1931

4） Murphy LJT : The History of Urology. Ureterointestinal Anastomosis. pp.303-310, Chrles C Thomas （Publisher）, Illinois, 1972

5） Nesbit RM : Ureterosigmoid Anastomosis by Direct Elliptical Connection ; A Preliminary Report. J Urol 61 : 728-734, 1949

6） Cordonnier JJ : Ureterosigmoid Anastomosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 88 : 441-446, 1949

7） Leadbetter WF : Consideration of Problems Incident to Performance of Uretero-Enterostomy : Report of a Technique. J Urol 65 : 818-830, 1951

8） Goodwin WE, et al : Open, Transcolonic Ureterointestinal Anastomosis : A New Approach. Surg Gynecol Obstet 97 : 282-300, 1953

9） Przydacz M, et al : Revisiting Ureterosigmoidostomy, a Useful Technique of Urinary Diversion in Functional Urology. Urology 115 : 14-20, 2018

10） Kälble T, et al : Tumor Growth in Urinary Diversion : A Multicenter Analysis. Eur Urol 60 : 1081-1086, 2011

11） Pettersson L, et al : Half Century of Followup After Ureterosigmoidostomy Performed in Early Childhood. J Urol 189 : 1870-1875, 2013

12） Gigon C : Mèmoire Sur L'ischurie Urérérique et Sur L'urétérotomie ou Taile de L'uretère. Union Méd Paris 10 : 81, 1856

13） Le Dentau A : Greffe de L'uretère Entre Les Levres D'une Incision du Flanc Chez Une Femme Atteinte D'anurie Absolu. Cong Franc Urol 4 : 533, 1890

14） Papin E : Chirurgie du Rein. Paris. Doin vol.3, 1928

15） Beer E : Tumours of the Urinary Bladder. London, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, 1935

16） Cabot H, et al : Choice of Method of Diverting the Urinary Stream Above the Level of the Bladder. Ann Surg 102 : 849-862, 1935

17） Ariyoshi A, et al : Catheterless Cutaneous Ureterostomy. J Urol 114 : 533-535, 1975

18） Toyoda Y : A New Technique for Catheterless Cutaneous Ureterostomy. J Urol 117 : 276-278, 1977

19） Hirokawa M, et al : Improved Technique of Tubeless Cutaneous Ureterostomy and Results of Permanent Urinary Diversion. Eur Urol 16 : 125-132, 1989

20） Verhoogen J, et al : La Cystectomie Totale. Foloa Urol 3 : 629, 1909

21） Zaayer EJ : Intra-Adominale Plastieken. Ned Tijdschr Geneesk 65 : 836, 1911

22） Seiffert L : Die ‘Darm-Siphon-Blasé’. Arch Klin Cjir 183 : 569-574, 1935

23） Bricker EM : Bladder Substitution After Pelvic Evisceration. Surg Clin North Am 30 : 1511-1521, 1950

24） Bricker EM, et al : Bladder Reconstruction from Cecum and Ascending Colon Following Resection of Pelvic Viscera. Ann Surg 132 : 77-84, 1950

25） Bricker EM : Bladder Substitution After Pelvic Evisceration. 1950. J Urol 167 : 1140-1145, 2002

26） Rosa FP : Complication Incident to the Ileal Conduit. J Urol 79 : 834-837, 1958

27） Bricker EM : Substitution for the Urinary Bladder by the Use of Isolated Ileal Segments. Surg Clin North Am : 1117-1130, 1956

28） Wallace DM : Ureteric Diversion Using a Conduit : A Simplified Technique. Br J Urol 38 : 522-527, 1966

29） Stamey TA, et al : Ureteroileal Anastomosis. Surg Gynec Obstet 104 : 11-24, 1957

30） Lengemann P : Ersatz der Extirpierten Harnblase Durch das Coecum. Abl Chir 40 : 14, 1913

31） Hinman F, et al : A Critical Study of the Different Principles of Surgery Which Have Been Used in Uretero-Intestinal Implantation. Tr Am Ass Genitourin Surg 29 : 15-156, 1936

32） Rubin SW ; The Formation of an Artificial Urinary Bladder with Perfect Continence : An Experimental Study. J Urol 60 : 874-906, 1948

33） Gilchrist RK, et al : The Construction of a Substitute Bladder and Urethra. Surg Gynec Obst 90 : 752-760, 1950

34） Kock NG, et al : Urinary Diversion Via a Continent Ileal Reservoir : Clinical Results in 12 Patients. J Urol 128 : 469-475, 1982

35） Thüroff JW, et al : The Mainz Pouch （Mixed Augmentation Ileum and Cecum） for Bladder Augmentation and Continent Diversion. J Urol 136 : 17-26, 1986

36） Rowland RG, et al : Indiana Continent Urinary Reservoir. J Urol 137 : 1136-1139, 1987

37） Tizzoni G, et al : Die Wiederherstellung der Harnblase : Experimentelle Untersuchungen. Zbl Chir 15 : 921-924, 1888

38） Nicolich G : Due Casi di Estirpazione Quasi Complete Della Vesica Per Tumore. Folia Urolog 7 : 371, 1913

39） Ravasini C : Regeneration der Blase nach Extirpation Infolge Blasen-Geschwulst. Z Urol 19 : 601, 1925

40） de Gironcolli F : Rigenerazione della Vescica Dopo Asportazione Subtotale Per Carcinoma. Arch Ital Urol 3 : 325, 1925

41） Folsom AI, et al : Subtotal Cystectomy in the Treatment of Human Ulcer. J Urol 44 : 650, 1940

42） Pyrah LN, et al : Some Use of an Isolated Loop of Ileum in Genito-Urinary Surgery. Brit J Surg 42 : 337, 1954

43） Camey M, et al : L'entero-cystoplastie Avec Cystoprostatectomie Totale Pour Cancer de le Vessie. Ann Urol 13 : 114-123, 1979

44） Mellinger GT, et al : Ileal Reservoir （Ureteroileourethral Anastomosis）. J Am Med Assoc 167 : 2183-2186, 1958

45） Gandin MM : Uretero-Ileo-Urethral Anastomosis : Case Report. J Urol 83 : 279-282, 1960

46） Palken M : Urinary Bladder Substitution. Northwest Med 55 : 1347-1355, 1956

47） Bourque JP : The Indications and Techniques of Bowel Substitution After Total Cystectomy : Preliminary Report on Twentyfive Cases. Brit J Urol 31 : 448-460, 1959

48） Goldwasser B, et al : Urodynamic Evaluation of Patients After the Camey Operation. J Urol 138 : 832-835, 1987

49） Light JK, et al : Le Bag : Total Replacement of the Bladder Using an Ileocolonic Pouch. J Urol 136 : 27-31, 1986

50） Goldwasser B, et al : Bladder Replacement with Use of a Detubularized Right Colonic Segment : Preliminary Report of a New Technique. Mayo Clin Proc 61 : 615-621, 1986

51） Reddy PK, et al : Bladder Replacement After Cystoprostatectomy : Efforts to Achieve Total Continence. J Urol 138 : 495-499, 1987

52） Hautmann RE, et al : The Ileal Neobladder. Urologe A 26 : 67-73, 1987

53） Studer UE, et al : A Nerwer Form of Bladder Substitute Based on Historical Perspectives. Semin Urol 6 : 57-65, 1988

54） Abol-Enein H, et al : Further Clinical Experience with the Ileal W-Neobladder and a Serous-Lined Extramural Tunnel for Orthotopic Substitution. Br J Urol 76 : 558-564, 1955

55） Stein JP, et al : The T Pouch : An Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder Incorporating a Serosal Lined Ileal Antireflux Technique. J Urol 159 : 1836-1842, 1998

56） Leandri P, et al : Ileal Low-Pressure Bladder Replacement : Camey Type II. Stapling Technique and Preliminary Results （57 Cases, 1987-1989）. Eur Urol 18 : 161-165, 1999

57） Nguyen DH, et al : Gastric Bladder Reconstruction. Urol Clin North Am 18 : 649-657, 1991

58） Pagano F, et al : Vescica Ileale Padovana : A Technique for Total Bladder Replacement. Eur Urol 17 : 149-154, 1990

59） Lilien OM, et al : 25-Year Experience with Replacement of the Human Bladder （Camey Procedure）. J Urol 132 : 886-891, 1984

60） 鳶巣賢一, 他 : 膀胱全摘術後の尿路再建 : 消化管を利用した自然排尿が可能な膀胱形成術. 日泌会誌80 : 256-263, 1989

61） 鈴木唯司, 他 : 回腸を用いた代用膀胱 （ileal pouch bladder） による完全膀胱置換術における臨床成績. 日泌会誌80 : 555-561, 1989

62） Deklerk JN, et al : The Bowel as Substitute for the Bladder. J Urol 121 : 22-24, 1979

63） Melchior H, et al : The Continent Ileal Bladder for Urinary Tract Reconstruction After Cystectomy : A Survey of 44 Patients. J Urol 139 : 714-718, 1998

64） Goodwin WE, et al : Cup-Patch Techniques of Ileo-Cystoplasty for Bladder Enlargement or Partial Substitution. Surg Gynec Obst 108 : 240-244, 1959

65） Koie T, et al : Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder Reconstruction Using a Modified Goodwin Method : Functional Outcome in 37 Patients. Hinyokika Kiyo 48 : 407-413, 2002

66） Koie T, et al : Experience and Functional Outcome of Modified Ileal Neobladder in 95 Patients. Int J Urol 13 : 1175-1179, 2006

67） Koie T, et al : Uterus-, Fallopian Tube-, Ovary-, and Vagina-Sparing Cystectomy Followed by U-Shaped Ileal Neobladder Construction for Female Bladder Cancer Patients : Oncological and Functional Outcomes. Urology 75 : 1499-1503, 2010

68） Moeen AM, et al : Does the Site of the Orthotopic Neobladder Outlet Matter? A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study. Eur J Surg Oncol 44 : 847-852, 2018

69） Hautmann RE, et al : Functional Outcome and Complications Following Ileal Neobladder Reconstruction in Male Patients without Tumor Recurrence. More than 35 Years of Experience from a Single Center. J Urol 205 : 174-182, 2021

70） Menon M, et al : Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Cystoprostatectomy and Urinary Diversion. BJU Int 92 : 232-236, 2003

71） Koie T, et al : The Feasibility and Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 47 : 252-256, 2017

72） Balaji KC, et al : Feasibility of Robot-Assisted Totally Intracorporeal Laparoscopic Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion : Initial Results of a Single Institutional Pilot Study. Urology 63 : 51-55, 2004

73） Ahmed K, et al : Analysis of Intracorporeal Compared with Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy : Results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Eur Urol 65 : 340-347, 2014

74） Hussein AA, et al : Outcomes of Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy : Results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. J Urol 199 : 1302-1311, 2018

75） Iwata T, et al : Comparison of Intracorporeal versus Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy at a Medium-Sized Facility. Int J Clin Oncol 26 : 1714-1721, 2021

76） Nakane K, et al : Utility Technique of a Totally Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy. Int J Urol 26 : 1083-1084, 2019

77） Koie T, et al : Robotic Cross-Folded U-Configuration Intracorporeal Ileal Neobladder for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer : Initial Experience and Functional Outcomes. Int J Med Robot 14 : e1955, 2018

78） Takenaka A : Current Status of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy : What Is the Real Benefit? Yonago Acta Med 58 : 95-99, 2015

79） 古家琢也, 他 : ロボット支援膀胱全摘除術および体腔内尿路変向術. Urol Today 27 : 80-84, 2020

80） Chopra S, et al : Evolution of Robot-Assisted Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder Formation : A Step-by-Step Update to the University of Southern California （USC） Technique. BJU Int 119 : 185-191, 2017

81） Hussein AA, et al : Robot-Assisted Approach to ‘W’-Configuration Urinary Diversion : A Step-by-Step Technique. BJU Int 120 : 152-157, 2017

82） Tan WS, et al : Robot-Assisted Intracorporeal Pyramid Neobladder. BJU Int 116 : 771-779, 2015

83） Moro FD, et al : Can Anastomotic Urinary Leakage in Robotic Prostatectomy Be Considered as a Marker of Surgical Skill? Cent European J Urol 71 : 21-25, 2018

84） Minervini A, et al : Robot Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Florence Robotic Intracorporeal Neobladder（FloRIN）: Analysis of Survival and Functional Outcomes After First 100 Consecutive Patients upon Accomplishment of Phase 3 IDEAL Framework. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2021 ［Online ahead of print］

85） Koie T, et al : Utility of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Int J Urol 26 : 334-340, 2019