臨床外科61巻4号

2006年04月発行

外科学温故知新・9

感染対策

著者： 貞廣莊太郎¹

所属機関： ¹東海大学医学部消化器外科

ページ範囲：P.483 - P.488

文献概要

1　はじめに

　外科領域における創傷治癒，感染の概念，予防，診断・治療への発展の歴史は近代の医学そのものの歩みでもある．本稿でははじめに，現在の臨床に直接連なっていると考えられる18世紀以降の消化器外科における「感染」の原因，診断，治療の発展を概説し，ついで1990年以降のSSI（surgical site infection）への取り組みと最近の話題の一部にも触れたい．

参考文献

1）チャールズ・シンガー，EAアンダーウッド：医学の歴史2　メディカルサイエンスの歴史①．朝倉書店，1986

2）シャーウィン・B.ヌーランド：医学をきずいた人びと―名医の伝記と近代医学の歴史（下）．河出書房新社，1991

3）マイヤー フリードマン，ジェラルド・W・フリードランド：医学の10大発見―その歴史の真実．ニュートンプレス，1998

4）Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Martone WJ, et al：CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992：a modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 13：606-608, 1992

5）Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al：Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 27：97-134, 1999

6）Solomkin JS, Meakins JL Jr, Allo MD, et al：Antibiotic trials in intraabdominal infections. A critical evaluation of study design and outcome reporting. Ann Surg 200：29-39, 1984

7）Bohnen JM：Duration of antibiotic treatment in surgical infections of the abdomen. Postoperative peritonitis. Eur J Surg 576：50-52, 1996

8）Solomkin JS, Dellinger EP, Christou NV, et al：Results of a multicenter trial comparing imipenem/cilastatin to tobramycin/clindamycin for intra-abdominal infections. Ann Surg 212：581-591, 1990

9）Meilling AC, Ali B, Scott EM, et al：Effects of preoperative w-arming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery：a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 358：876-880, 2001

10）DiPiro JT, Cheung RPF, Bowden TA, et al：Single dose systemic antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical wound infections. Am J Surg 152：552-559, 1986

11）Dellinger EP, Gross PA, Barrett TL, et al：Quality standard for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical procedures. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 18：422-427, 1994

12）Stone HH, Bourneuf AA, Stinson LD：Reliability of criteria for predicting persistent or recurrent sepsis. Arch Surg 120：17-20, 1985

13）Cruse PJ, Foord R：The epidemiology of wound infection：a 10-year prospective study of 62,939 wounds. Surg Clin North Am 60：27-40, 1980

14）Page CP, Bohnen JM, Fletcher JR, et al：Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical wounds：guidelines for clinical care. Arch Surg 128：79-88, 1993

15）Culver DH, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, et al：Surgical wound infection rates by wound class , operative procedure, and patient risk index：National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Am J Med 91：152S-157S, 1991

16）Haley RW, Culver DH, Morgan WM, et al：Identifying patients at high risk of surgical wound infection. A simple multivariate index of patient susceptibility and wound contamination. Am J Epidemiol 121：206-215, 1985

17）Emori TG, Culver DH, Horan TC, et al：National nosocomial infections surveillance system（NNIS）：description of surveillance methods. Am J Infect Control 19：19-35, 1991

18）Platt R, Zaleznik DF, Hopkins CC, et al：Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for herniorrhaphy and breast surgery. N Engl J Med 322：153-160, 1990

19）Cohn SM, Giannotti G, Ong AW, et al：Prospective randomized trial of two wound management strategies for dirty abdominal wounds. Ann Surg 233：409-413, 2001

20）Greif R, Akca O, Horn EP, et al：Supplemental perioprative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection. Outcomes Research Group . N Engl J Med 342：161-167, 2000

21）Pryor KO, Fahey TJ 3rd, Lien CA, et al：Surgical site infection and the routine use of perioperative hyperoxia in a general surgical population：a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291：79-87, 2004

22）Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R：Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization：Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group . N Engl J Med 334：1209-1215, 1996

23）Melling AC, Ali B, Scott EM, et al：Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery：a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 358：876-880, 2001

24）Seropian R, Reynolds BM：Wound infections after preoperative depilatory versus razor preparation. Am J Surg 121：251-254：1971

25）Alexander JW, Fischer JE, Boyajian M, et al：The influence of hair-removal methods on wound infections. Arch Surg 118：347-352, 1983

26）van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al：Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345：1359-1367, 2001

27）Quebbeman EJ, Telford GL, Wadsworth K, et al：Double gloving. Protecting surgeons from blood contamination in the operating room. Arch Surg 127：213-216；discussion 216-217, 1992

28）Clarke JS, Condon RE, Bartlett JG, et al：Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce septic complications of colon operations：Results of prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study. Ann Surg 186：251-259, 1977

29）Nichols RL, Smith JW, Garcia RY, et al：Current practices of preoperative bowel preparation among North American colorectal surgeons. Clin Infect Dis 24：609-619, 1997

30）Tang R, Chen HH, Wang YL, et al：Risk factors for surgical site infection after elective resection of the colon and rectum：a single-center prospective study of 2809 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 234：181-189, 2001

31）Fa-Si-Oen P, Roumen R, Buitenweg J, et al：Mechanical bowel preparation or not? Outcome of a multicenter, randomized trial in elective open colon surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 48：1509-1516, 2005

32）佐藤　裕：外科学の生い立ちとその進展．臨外60：1153-1161，2005

33）永田　豊，平沢　滉，ニルス・コー・ストーレー（編著）：ノーベル賞に輝く人々―ノーベル賞受賞の経緯とその諸団体．藤田企画出版，1983