1)Ando N, Iizuka T, Kakegawa T, et al:A randomized trial of surgery with and without chemotherapy for localized squamous carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus:the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 114:205-209, 1997
2)Ando N, Iizuka T, Ide H, et al:Surgery plus chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus:a Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study―JCOG9204. J Clin Oncol 21:4592-4596, 2003
3)Igaki H, Kato H, Ando N, et al:A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy for clinical stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. J Clin Oncol 26(May 20 Suppl):abstr 4510, 2008
4)Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Working Group:Surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer:a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 359:1727-1733, 2002
5)Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, et al:Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med 355:11-20, 2006
6)Urschel JD, Vasan H, Blewett CJ, et al:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery to surgery alone for resectable esophageal cancer. Am J Surg 183:274-279, 2002
7)Malthaner RA, Wong RK, Rumble RB, et al:Neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for resectable esophageal cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2:35, 2004
8)Gebski V, Burmeister B, Smithers BM, et al:Survival benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy in oesophageal carcinoma:a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 8:226-234, 2007
9)Iizuka T, Ide H, Kakegawa T, et al:Preoperative radioactive therapy for esophageal caricnoma. Randomized evaluation trial in eight institutions. Chest 93:1054-1058, 1988
10)Nygaard K, Hagen S, Hansen H, et al:Pre-operative radiotherapy prolongs survival in operable esophageal carcinoma:a randomized, multicenter study of pre-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The second Scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer. World J Surg 16:1104-1110, 1992
11)Apinop C, Puttisak P, Preecha N:A prospective study of combined therapy in esophageal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 41:391-393, 1994
12)Le Prise E, Etienne PL, Meunier B, et al:A randomized study of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery versus surgery for localized suquamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 73:1779-1784, 1994
13)Walsh T, Noonan N, Hollywood D, et al:A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 335:462-467, 1996
14)Bosset J, Gignoux M, Triboulet J, et al:Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone in squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 337:161-167, 1997
15)Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A, et al:Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 19:305-313, 2001
16)Lee JL, Park SI, Kim SB, et al:A single institutional phase Ⅲ trial of preoperative chemotherapy with hyperfractionation radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 15:947-954, 2004
17)Burmeister BH, Smithers BM, Gebski V, et al:Surgery alone versus chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable cancer of the oesophagus:a randomised controlled phase Ⅲ trial. Lancet Oncol 6:659-668, 2005
18)Tepper J, Krasna MJ, Niedzwiecki D, et al:Phase Ⅲ trial of trimodality therapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, radiotherapy, and surgery compared with surgery alone for esophageal cancer:CALGB9781. J Clin Oncol 26:1086-1092, 2008
19)Urschel JD, Vasan H:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery to surgery alone for resectable esophageal cancer. Am J Surg 185:538-543, 2003
20)Stahl M, Walz M, Stuschke M, et al:Phase Ⅲ comparison of preoperative chemotherapy compared with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. J Clin Oncol 27:851-856, 2009
21)Stahl M, Stuschke M, Lehmann N, et al:Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 23:2310-2317, 2005
22)Bedenne L, Michel P, Bouché O, et al:Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squaomous cancer of the esophagus:FFCD1902. J Clin Oncol 25:1160-1168, 2007
23)Lordick F, Ott K, Krause BJ, et al:PET to assess early metabolic response and to guide treatment of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction:the MUNICON phase Ⅱ trial. Lancet Oncol 8:797-805, 2007
24)Takeuchi H, Saikawa Y, Oyama T, et al:Factors influencing the long-term survival in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy after chemoradiotherapy. World J Surg 33:2009(in press)