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臨床婦人科産科60巻5号

2006年05月発行

文献概要

今月の臨床 早産─予防と対策

切迫早産の管理

著者: 松田秀雄1 川上裕一1 芝崎智子1 高橋宏典1 吉田昌史1 古谷健一1

所属機関: 1防衛医科大学校産科婦人科学講座

ページ範囲:P.760 - P.765

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切迫早産の定義

 日本産婦人科学会編「産科婦人科用語集」によると,切迫早産とは,「妊娠22週以降37週未満に下腹痛(10分に1回の陣痛),性器出血,破水などの症状に加えて,外測陣痛計で規則的な子宮収縮があり,内診では,子宮口の開大,子宮頸管の展退などが認められ,早産の危険性が高いと考えられる状態」と定義される.米国では「妊娠37週未満において,子宮頸管の短縮,または1 cm以上の開大,または80%以上の展退を伴う,周期的(4回/20分または8回/60分以上)で疼痛を伴う子宮収縮」と定義され1),子宮頸管の変化を伴わない子宮収縮は「前期子宮収縮(premature uterine contractions)」や「偽陣痛(false labor)」と呼び,「切迫早産」と区別することになっている.

切迫早産の病因

 図1に示すように,切迫早産は子宮平滑筋機能の妊娠変化を前提にして,多くの生理活性物質が子宮筋に作用することによって惹起される病的な子宮収縮,早期の陣痛発来と考えられる.

参考文献

1) American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists : Guidelines for Perinatal Care, 4th ed., p100, 1997
2) Robinson JN, Norwitz ER : Pathophisiology of preterm birth. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 3rd ed, Saunders, vol 1, pp103─111, 2004
3) Goldenberg RL, et al : Bed rest in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 84 : 131, 1994
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5) American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Preterm labor(ACOG Technical Bulletin Number 206).Washington DC, US Government Printing Office, pp710─719, 1995
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10) Norwitz ER, Robinson JN : The control of labor(letter).N Eng J Med 341 : 2098, 1999
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12) Mittendorf R, Dambrosia J, Pryde PG, et al : Association between the use of antenatal magnesium sulfate in preterm labor and adverse health outcomes in infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166 : 1515, 1992
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17) Goodwin TM, Zograbyan A : Oxytocin receptor antagonists. Clin Perinatol 25 : 859, 1998
18) Ferguson JE, et al : Adjunctive use of magnesium sulfate with ritodrine for preterm labor tocolysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148 : 166, 1984
19) Valenzuela G, Cline S : Use of magnesium sulfate in premature labor that fails to respond to beta─mimetic drugs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143 : 718, 1982
20) Rust OA, et al : The clinical efficacy of oral tocolytic therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175 : 838, 1996
21) Da Fonseca EB, Bittar RE, Calvalho MH, et al : Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk : A randomized placebo─controlled double─blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 : 419─424, 2003
22) The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal─Fetal Medicine Units Network : Prevention of recurrent preterm delively by 17 alpha─hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med 348 : 2379─2385, 2003
23) Rozenberg P, Rudant J Chevret S, et al : Repeat measurement of cervical length after successful tocolysis. Obstet Gynecol 104 : 995─999, 2004

掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1294

印刷版ISSN:0386-9865

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