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雑誌文献

臨床婦人科産科62巻6号

2008年06月発行

文献概要

今月の臨床 妊婦の感染症 妊婦の感染─胎児への影響と対策

10. HIV母子感染

著者: 伴千秋1 岡垣篤彦1 伊東宏晃1 高橋秀元1 佐々木浩呂江1 松本久宣1 神谷まひる1 渡辺悠里子1

所属機関: 1国立病院機構大阪医療センター産婦人科

ページ範囲:P.868 - P.873

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はじめに

 本年2月12日に発表された厚労省エイズ動向委員会の報告(昨年末現在までの集計)によると,日本人のAIDS患者・HIV感染者の累計(凝固因子製剤による1,438人を除く)は10,683人となり,男9,821人,女862人であった.感染経路別でみると,同性間の性的接触によるものが5,361人,異性間の性的接触が3,623人に対し,母子感染は33人と現在までは低率にとどまっている1)

 しかしWHOによる感染経路別のHIV感染率は,血液・血液製剤の輸注では90%以上と飛び抜けて高いが,それに次いで母子感染の約30%が目立つ.通常の性交で0.1%,感染率が高いと思われる肛門性交でも0.5%,医療従事者の針刺し事故でも0.5%程度の感染率とされているのと比較すると,今後若いAIDS/HIV感染者が急増すれば母子感染がわが国でも主要な感染経路として問題になってくる可能性がある.実際,UNAIDSの推計によると昨2007年の全世界のHIV感染者数は33,000,000人,新規感染者数は2,500,000人であるが,母子感染数はやや減少したとはいえ年間420,000人に上り,その半数が2歳までに死亡するという.

 このように,世界的にみれば異性間・同性間の性交(地域によっては麻薬・覚せい剤の回し打ちも)と並んでHIVの主要感染経路の1つとなっている母子感染も,無治療であれば25~30%に上る感染率を適切な対策を講じることによって2%以下にまで抑制することが可能となった2)

参考文献

1) エイズ動向委員会報告(平成20年2月12日).http ://api-net.jfap.or.jp/mhw/survey/mhw_survey.htm
2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),Mofenson LM, Taylor AW, et al : Achievements in public health. Reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV infection──United States, 1985─2005. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 : 592─597, 2006
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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1294

印刷版ISSN:0386-9865

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