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臨床婦人科産科63巻10号

2009年10月発行

今月の臨床 妊娠高血圧症候群と関連疾患

妊娠高血圧症候群の病因・病態の最新知見

著者: 関沢明彦1 清水華子1 岡井崇1

所属機関: 1昭和大学医学部産婦人科

ページ範囲:P.1258 - P.1263

文献概要

はじめに

 妊娠高血圧症候群(pregnancy─induced hypertension:PIH)は,3~5%の妊婦に発症し,母体・胎児双方にとって重大な合併症の原因になる1).PIHの病因・病態については多くの研究がなされてきたが,今なお,不明な点が多いのが現状である.しかし,その病態の本体が胎児・胎盤にあることは,臨床症状が分娩後に急速に軽快することからも明らかである.また,疫学的な研究から,PIH発症に免疫学的な因子が重要な役割を果たしていると考えられる.さらに,絨毛細胞に発現しているhuman leukocyte antigen G(HLA─G)抗原と母児境界に位置する脱落膜に集まるNK細胞の相互作用によって,絨毛細胞の脱落膜への侵入が影響されていることも明らかになっている.このように,semi─allograftである胎児に対して免疫学的に寛容が成立する機序に異常が起こると,絨毛細胞の脱落膜への侵入や母体螺旋動脈の血管内皮細胞へのremodelingの障害が起こり,結果として,胎盤に十分な血流が循環しないため,絨毛は慢性的に低酸素環境に曝され,抗血管増殖因子などの産生を増加させるとされている.この多量に産生された抗血管増殖因子が母体血中を循環することが,母体の血管内皮障害を惹起し,妊娠の後半になって高血圧,蛋白尿の臨床症状が出現すると考えられている.今回,このおのおのの段階の病態を,最近の知見を含めて概説する.

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1294

印刷版ISSN:0386-9865

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