icon fsr

文献詳細

雑誌文献

臨床婦人科産科63巻5号

2009年05月発行

文献概要

今月の臨床 性器脱診療の最前線

性器脱の発生機序

著者: 工藤隆一12 佐藤賢一郎2 堀保彦1

所属機関: 1新川病院産婦人科 2新日鐵室蘭総合病院産婦人科

ページ範囲:P.671 - P.678

文献購入ページに移動
はじめに

 性器脱は骨盤内臓器脱(pelvic organ prolapse : POP)あるいはpelvic floor disordersの名称が付されている.性器脱には性器の脱出にかかわる悩みや障害のみならず膀胱,尿道,直腸,小腸の脱あるいは下垂に伴って発生する排尿,排便などにかかわる障害,不調などを伴っている.その結果日常生活の質を損なう慢性疾患として生活および行動を制限する.また高齢化社会の到来などからPOP関連の疾患が増加し,これらの疾患に対する医療の需要がますます増加していると考えられる.このような背景にあるためか,アメリカでは1年間に約200,000人にPOPに関連する手術治療が行われていることが報告されている.またこれらの手術症例の約30%に再手術が実施されていることも報告されている1, 2)

 このように性器脱の手術症例の増加と性器脱の修復手術後の再手術率の高さを考えると性器脱の予防,治療成績の向上のため,性器脱の発生機序についてreviewすることも重要と考えられる.そこで本稿では最近発表された文献から性器脱の発生機序について概説する.

参考文献

1) DeLancey JO : The hidden epidemic of pelvic floor dysfunction : achievable goals for improved prevention and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192 : 1488─1495, 2005
2) Boyles S, Weber A, Meyn LA : Procedures for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States, 1979─1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 : 108─115, 2003
3) Delancey JO : Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166 : 1717─1724, 1992
4) Reay J NH, Healy JC, King LJ, et al : Pelvic connective tissue resilience decreases with vaginal delivery, menopause and uterine prolapse. Br J Surg 90 : 466─472, 2003
5) Jelovsek J, Maher C, Barber MD : Pelvic organ prolapse. Lancet 369 : 1027─1038, 2007
6) Altman D, Forsman M, Falconer C, et al : Genetic influence on stress urinary incontinece and pelvic organ prolapse. Eur Urol 54 : 918─923, 2008
7) Dietz HP : The aetiology of prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 19 : 1323─1329, 2008
8) Baessler K, O’Neill S, Battistutta D, et al : Prevalence incidence, progression and regression and associated symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 17 : S70, 2006
9) Rizk D, Fahim M : Ageing of the female pelvic floor : towards treatment ‘a la carte’ of the ‘geripause’. Int Urogynecol J 19 : 455─458, 2008
10) Goh J : Biomechanical properties of prolapsed vaginal tissue in pre─and postmenopausal women. Int Urogynecol J 13 : 76─79, 2002
11) Clark AL, Slayden OD, Hettrich K, et al : Estrogen increase collagen I and III mRNA expression in the pelvic support tissues of the rhesus macaque. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192 : 1523─1529, 2005
12) Rizk DE, Hassan HA, AI Marzouqi AH, et al : Combined estrogen and ghrelin administration restores number of blood vessels and collagen type I/III ratio in the urethral and anal canal submucosa of old ovariectomized rats. Int urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 19 : 547─552, 2008
13) Goepel C : Differential elastin and tenascin immunolabeling in the uterosacral ligaments in postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Acta Histochem 110 : 204─209, 2008
14) Demirci F, Yucel O, Eren S, et al : Long─term results of Burch colposuspension. Gynecol Obstet Invest 51 : 243─247, 2001
15) Dietz HP, Wilson PD : Colposuspension success and failure : a long─term objective follow─up study. Int Urogynecol J 11 : 346─351, 2000
16) Daellenbach P, Kaelin─Gambirasio I, Dubuisson J, et al : Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse repair after hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 110 : 625─632, 2007
17) Whiteside J, Weber A, Meyn L, et al : Risk factors for prolapse recurrence after vaginal repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 : 1533─1538, 2004
18) Patel D, Xu X, Thomason A, et al : Childbirth and pelvic floor dysfunction : an epidemiologic approach to the assessment of prevention opportunities at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195 : 23─28, 2006
19) Weber AM, Buchsbaum GM, Chen B, et al : Basicscience and translational research in female pelvic floor disorders : proceedings of an NIH─sponsored meeting. Neurourol Urodyn 23 : 288─301, 2004
20) De Leon J, Steensma AB, Shek C, et al : Ballooning : how to define abnormal distensibility of the levator hiatus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30 : 447, 2008
21) Dietz HP, Steensma AB : The prevalence of major abnormalities of the levator ani in urogynaecological patients. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 113 : 225─230, 2006
22) Kearney R, Miller J, Ashton─Miller J, et al : Obstetric factors associated with levator ani muscle injury after vaginal birth. Obstet Gynecol 107 : 144─149, 2006
23) Gainey HL : Post─partum observation of pelvic tissue damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 46 : 457─466, 1993
24) Dietz HP, Lanzarone V : Levator trauma after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 106 : 707─717, 2005
25) Dietz HP, Gillespie A, Phaddke P : Avulsion of the pubovisceral muscle associated with large vaginal tear after normal vaginal delivery at term. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 47 : 341─344, 2007
26) Dietz HP, Simpson J Does delayed childbearing increase the risk of levator injury in labour? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 47 : 491─495, 2007
27) DeLancey J, Morgan D, Fenner D, et al : Coparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 109 : 295─302, 2007
28) Dietz HP, Simpson J : Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Br. J Obstet gynaecol 115 : 979─984, 2008
29) Dietz HP, Clark B : Prevalence of rectocele in young nulliparous women. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaecol 45 : 391─394, 2005
30) Sayer T, Dixon J, Hosker G, et al : A study of paraurethral connective tissue in women with stress incotinece of urine. Neurourol Urodyn 9 : 319─320, 1990
31) Soderberg MW, Falconer C, Bystrom B, et al : Young women with genital prolapse have a low collagen concentration. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83 : 1193─1198, 2004
32) Liapis A, Bakas P, Pafifiti A, et al : Changes of collagen type III in female patients with genuine stress incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 97 : 76─79, 2001
33) Jackson S, Avery N, Eckford S, et al : Connective tissue analysis in genitourinary prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn 14 : 412─414, 1995
34) Bailey AJ,Paul RG, Knott L : Mechanisms of maturation and ageing of collagen.Mech Ageing Dev 106 : 1─56, 1998
35) Paul RG, Bailey AJ : Glycation of collagen : the basis of its central role in the late complications of ageing and diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 28 : 1297─1310, 1996
36) Chen BH, Wen Y, Li H, et al : Collagen metabolism and turnover in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse.Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 13 : 80─87, 2002
37) Rahn DD, Acevedo JF, Word RA : Effect of vaginal distention on elastic fiber synthesis and matrix degradation in the vaginal wall : potential role in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295 : 1351─1358, 2008
38) Norton PA, Baker JE, Sharp HC, et al : Genitourinary prolapse and joint hypermobility in women.Obstet Gynecol 85 : 225─228, 1995
39) Dietz H, Hansell N, Grace M, et al : Bladder neck mobility is aheritable trait. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 112 : 334─339, 2005

掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1294

印刷版ISSN:0386-9865

雑誌購入ページに移動
icon up
あなたは医療従事者ですか?