臨床婦人科産科65巻3号

2011年03月発行

今月の臨床 絨毛と胎盤をめぐる新知見 絨毛研究最前線

5．栄養膜幹細胞

著者： 中西もも¹ 田中智¹

所属機関： ¹東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科応用動物科学専攻細胞生化学研究室

ページ範囲：P.260 - P.265

はじめに

　マウス栄養膜幹（trophoblast stem : TS）細胞は，1998年に初めて作製された^1）．TS細胞と通常胚のキメラマウスを作ると，TS細胞由来の細胞は胎盤全体に寄与する．反対に，胚性幹（embryonic stem : ES）細胞は胎仔本体を構成するすべての細胞に分化するが胎盤の栄養膜細胞には分化しない^2）（図1）．TS細胞は胎盤を構成する栄養膜細胞のすべてのサブタイプに分化する能力を持つために，その研究は胎盤の発生やその際に生じる疾患に対する理解を深めるための手段となる．TS細胞の樹立により，発生過程における栄養膜細胞系列の分化を培養条件下で模倣し，かつ大量に試料を得ることが可能となった．胎盤の発生，栄養膜細胞の分化制御機構を明らかにするうえで，TS細胞は大変有用なツールである．

　本稿ではマウスTS細胞の，主にエピジェネティクスにかかわる最新の知見を紹介する．

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