臨床検査50巻3号

2006年03月発行

シリーズ最新医学講座・Ⅰ 法医学の遺伝子検査・3

ミニサテライトの解析法―DNAフィンガープリントからMVR-PCRまで

著者： 玉木敬二¹

所属機関： ¹京都大学大学院医学研究科法医学講座

ページ範囲：P.317 - P.326

はじめに

　1984年，DNAフィンガープリント(DNA指紋)法が考案されて以来，ヒトゲノム中に存在するミニサテライト(VNTR)領域を分析する検査法が次々と開発され，法医鑑識領域，とりわけ物体検査と親子鑑定の分野においては，大きなパラダイムシフトが起こった．本稿では，これらのミニサテライトの解析法について，その検査法の原理や特徴，法医鑑識領域への応用，そして変遷について紹介する．

　ヒトの体は約60兆個の細胞から構成されており，赤血球など一部の細胞を除くほとんどの細胞に核があり，そのなかに染色体を含む．この本体が生命の設計図といえるDNAであるが，ヒトの場合，その“設計図”には30億個もの塩基が並んでいる．このなかには遺伝子以外の領域が多くを占めるが，ある特定の長さの塩基配列が縦列に繰り返して並ぶものがあり，これを縦列反復配列といいヒトゲノムの約3%を占める¹⁾．このうち，繰り返し単位(リピート)が6～100塩基(bp)程度で数個から数百個並び，全体の長さが0.5～30kbpになるDNAがある．Jeffreysらはこれをセントロメアにある長大な縦列反復配列であるα-サテライトDNAと対比して，ミニサテライトと名付けた²⁾．また，中村らはミニサテライトのうち多型性に富むものをVNTR(variable number of tandem repeat)と呼称している³⁾．

参考文献

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