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雑誌文献

臨床検査51巻12号

2007年11月発行

文献概要

特集 遺伝子検査―診断とリスクファクター 4.遺伝子分析―リスクファクターの推定

4) アルツハイマー病

著者: 田中静吾1

所属機関: 1大阪大谷大学薬学部分子臨床化学講座

ページ範囲:P.1559 - P.1564

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はじめに

 アルツハイマー病(Alzheimer's disease;AD)は,認知症の主要な原因疾患で,病理学的には大脳皮質や海馬の萎縮をきたし,臨床的には記憶障害や高次脳機能障害を引き起こす.1980年代までは,その病因は不明であったが,1990年代になり,家族性AD(FAD)の原因遺伝子が同定され,孤発性ADについても遺伝要因(リスクファクター)が発症に深く関与していることが明らかになった.

 一方,認知症の原因疾患についても,ADや血管性認知症に次いで,レビー小体型認知症(dementia with Lewy bodies;DLB)の頻度が高いことがわかってきたが(図1),DLBについても遺伝要因が報告されている.さらに,前頭側頭葉型認知症(frontotemporal dementia;FTD)に属するfrontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17(FTDP-17)の原因遺伝子も同定され,認知症における遺伝要因が注目されている.

 本稿ではADのリスクファクターと原因遺伝子について概説し,DLBやFTDなどのAD関連疾患についても,その遺伝要因について言及する.さらに,リスクファクターの診断的価値や,他のバイオマーカーについても考察する.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1367

印刷版ISSN:0485-1420

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