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臨床検査53巻13号

2009年12月発行

文献概要

今月の主題 前立腺癌 総論

前立腺癌の発生と進展―分子生物学的アプローチ

著者: 井上貴博1 小川修1

所属機関: 1京都大学大学院医学研究科泌尿器科学

ページ範囲:P.1649 - P.1654

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はじめに

 前立腺癌は罹患率の高い悪性腫瘍の一つで,米国では2009年には約192,000名の新患者数(米国男性の悪性疾患のうち罹患率は第1位,悪性疾患の約25%),約27,000名の死亡者数(第2位,9%)が推定されている1).わが国においても前立腺癌の罹患率は増加傾向にある.2020年には男性において肺癌,結腸癌と並んで最も頻度の高い癌になると推定され,2020年の前立腺癌による死亡率は,2000年の前立腺癌死亡率の実測値に対して約2.8倍にもなると予測されている2)

 近年,腫瘍マーカーであるPSA(前立腺特異抗原)の普及もあって,限局性前立腺癌の状態で発見される症例が増加しており,これらは前立腺全摘術や放射線治療(外照射療法,小線源治療など)により根治が期待できる.一方,転移を有する進行癌や,根治的治療(外科的治療,放射線治療)後に再発・転移をきたす症例も存在する.その多くには内分泌療法(アンドロゲン除去療法,androgen deprivation therapy:ADT)が行われる.ADTは一時的には有効であるが,ほとんどの症例で数年以内に去勢抵抗性癌(Castration resistant prostate cancer:CRPC)に変異する3).最近はドセタキセルを用いた化学療法でCRPCの治療も様変わりしてきているが4,5),ドセタキセル治療も根治治療ではなく,ひとたびCRPCの状態に変異すると有効な治療法はない.したがって,この変異機序の解明が臨床上重要な課題である.

 また前立腺癌の臨床的な自然史は多彩である.転移をきたし骨転移に伴う激しい痛みとともに急速に死に至る悪性度の高いものから,患者の生涯を通して症状を引き起こさない緩徐な進行をたどるものまで様々な臨床経過をとる.したがって,PSAスクリーニングが普及し前立腺生検を積極的に行うことによって,前立腺癌の過剰診断・過剰治療が相当数存在すると指摘する研究報告もある6)

 このような背景を踏まえ,前立腺癌の分子生物学的研究の最近のトピックスを取り上げ,概説する.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1367

印刷版ISSN:0485-1420

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