臨床検査53巻9号

2009年09月発行

今月の主題 脳磁図で何がわかるか？ 各論

運動関連脳磁場

著者： 矢澤省吾¹ 長峯隆¹

所属機関： ¹札幌医科大学医学部神経科学講座

ページ範囲：P.1049 - P.1055

　脳磁図計測は空間分解能と時間分解能に優れ，非侵襲的な高次脳機能の評価を可能にした．そのなかで体性感覚，聴覚，視覚刺激などと異なり，運動に関しては研究の焦点によりその記録課題の設定が異なる．運動関連脳磁場は，運動に先行して緩徐な磁場変化が出現し，運動直前後に急峻な波形を形成し，それらの成分から運動と反対側の運動野に信号源を検出できる．近年はその背景脳磁場活動により運動皮質の興奮性を様々な課題を用いて検出する努力がなされている．

参考文献

1) Shibasaki H, Hallett M：What is the Bereitschaftspotential? Clin Neurophysiol　117：2341-2356, 2006

2) Deecke L, Weinberg H, Brickett P：Magnetic fields of the human brain accompanying voluntary movement：Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld. Exp Brain Res　48：144-148, 1982

3) 橋本勲，益子拓徳，小高和己，他：運動関連脳磁界の多チャンネル計測．臨床脳波　34：646-652, 1992

4) Nagamine T, Kajola M, Salmelin R, et al：Movement-related slow cortical magnetic fields and changes of spontaneous MEG-and EEG-brain rhythms. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol　99：274-286, 1996

5) Pedersen JR, Johannsen P, Bak CK, et al：Origin of human motor readiness field linked to left middle frontal gyrus by MEG and PET. Neuroimage　8：214-220, 1998

6) Gerloff C, Uenishi N, Nagamine T, et al：Cortical activation during fast repetitive finger movements in humans：steady-state movement-related magnetic fields and their cortical generators. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol　109：444-453, 1998

7) Hari R, Imada T：Ipsilateral movement-evoked fields reconsidered. Neuroimage　10：582-588, 1999

8) Salmelin R, Hari R：Spatiotemporal characteristics of sensorimotor neuromagnetic rhythms related to thumb movement. Neuroscience　60：537-550, 1994

9) Hari R, Salmelin R：Human cortical oscillations：a neuromagnetic view through the skull. Trends Neurosci　20：44-49, 1997

10) Lopes da Silva FH, Pfurtscheller G：Basic concepts on EEG synchronization and desynchronization. Event-Related Desynchronization, Handbook of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, Revised Series, Vol.6(Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH, ed), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp3-11, 1999

11) Jurkiewicz MT, Gaetz WC, Bostan AC, et al：Post-movement beta rebound is generated in motor cortex：evidence from neuromagnetic recordings. Neuroimage　32：1281-1289, 2006

12) Tamura Y, Hoshiyama M, Nakata H, et al：Functional relationship between human rolandic oscillations and motor cortical excitability：an MEG study. Eur J Neurosci　21：2555-2562, 2005

13) Hari R, Forss N, Avikainen S, et al：Activation of human primary motor cortex during action observation：a neuromagnetic study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA　95：15061-15065, 1998

14) Ichikawa A, Yamamoto H, Ono I, et al：Stimulus-related 20-Hz activity of human cortex modulated by the way of presenting hand actions. Neurosci Res　58：285-290, 2007

15) 美馬達哉：脳波-筋電図コヒーレンスとその臨床応用．臨床脳波　47：479-485, 2005

16) Conway BA, Halliday DM, Farmer SF, et al：Synchronization between motor cortex and spinal motoneuronal pool during the performance of a maintained motor task in man. J Physiol　489：917-924, 1995

17) Hellwig B, Haussler S, Lauk M, et al：Tremor-correlated cortical activity detected by electroencephalography. Clin Neurophysiol　111：806-809, 2000

18) Volkmann J, Joliot M, Mogilner A, et al：Central motor loop oscillations in parkinsonian resting tremor revealed by magnetoencephalography. Neurology　46：1359-1370, 1996

19) Gross J, Kujala J, Hamalainen M, et al：Dynamic imaging of coherent sources：studying neural interactions in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA　98：694-699, 2001

20) Brunia CH：Waiting in readiness：gaiting in attention and motor preparation. Psychophysiol　30：327-339, 1993

21) Basile LF, Rogers RL, Bourbon WT, et al：Slow magnetic flux from human frontal cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol　90：157-165, 1994

22) Elbert T, Rockstroh B, Hampson S, et al：The magnetic counterpart of the contingent negative variation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol　92：262-272, 1994

23) Hamano T, Luders HO, Ikeda A, et al：The cortical generators of the contingent negative variation in humans：a study with subdural electrodes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol　104：257-268, 1997

24) Nishitani N, Uutela K, Shibasaki H, et al：Cortical visuomotor integration during eye pursuit and eye-finger pursuit. J Neurosci　19：2647-2657, 1999

25) Nimsky C, Ganslandt O, Kober H, et al：Integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging supported by magnetoencephalography in functional neuronavigation. Neurosurgery　44：1249-1255, 1999

26) Roberts TP, Disbrow EA, Roberts HC, et al：Quantification and reproducibility of tracking cortical extent of activation by use of functional MR imaging and magnetoencephalography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol　21：1377-1387, 2000

27) Kamada K, Houkin K, Takeuchi F, et al：Visualization of the eloquent motor system by integration of MEG, functional and anisotropic diffusion-weighted MRI in functional neuronavigation. Surg Neurol　59：352-361, 2003