臨床検査54巻3号

2010年03月発行

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今月の主題 骨髄増殖性疾患 各論 〈病態―新しい研究の展開〉

真性多血症

著者： 小松則夫¹

所属機関： ¹順天堂大学医学部附属順天堂医院血液内科

ページ範囲：P.247 - P.254

　JAK2遺伝子変異(V617F)は真性多血症，本態性血小板血症や原発性骨髄線維症に共通してがみられる．JAK2はエリスロポエチンなどのサイトカイン細胞内シグナル伝達の中心的役割を担うチロシンキナーゼで，V617F変異はキナーゼ活性を負に制御するJH2領域にアミノ酸置換があり，高いチロシンキナーゼ活性が持続し，血球増加をきたす．この変異は真性多血症のほぼ全例に認められ，最近ではJAK2エクソン12の変異も報告されている．いずれもSTAT5を含む様々なシグナル伝達分子の恒常的な活性化を認める．さらに，細胞内シグナルを負に制御するSOCS分子の発現異常も真性多血症の病態に関与している可能性がある．

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