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今月の主題 脂肪細胞 話題

脂肪細胞型脂肪酸結合蛋白(A-FABP/FABP4/aP2)

著者: 古橋眞人1

所属機関: 1札幌医科大学医学部内科学第二講座

ページ範囲:P.593 - P.598

1.はじめに

 近年,癌,アルツハイマー病などの神経変性疾患,糖尿病,動脈硬化性疾患,自己免疫疾患などの種々の疾患の局所において,炎症細胞の浸潤と慢性的な炎症が観察され,それが組織変性と疾患の重症化に重要な役割を担うことが明らかになってきている.Hotamisligilら1)は,遺伝性肥満動物における脂肪組織の解析から,炎症性サイトカインであるTNF-α(tumor necrosis factor α)が脂肪細胞から産生され,これが肥満に伴うインスリン抵抗性に関与することを明らかにした.現在では広くコンセンサスを得られている知見ではあるが,脂肪組織が内分泌臓器であるというまさにパラダイムシフトとなる重要な報告となった.

 最近では,TNF-αのみならず様々な脂肪細胞由来のサイトカイン(アディポサイトカイン)や脂質(特に飽和脂肪酸)が,JNK(c-Jun N-terminal kinase)やIKK(inhibitor of kappa kinase)の活性化を介して,炎症反応を増強したり,インスリン抵抗性を惹起することが示されている.細胞外からのみならず,細胞内においても酸化ストレスや小胞体ストレス,さらにはある種の脂肪酸結合蛋白(fatty acid-binding protein;FABP)がJNKやIKKを活性化することが報告されている.

 本稿では,FABPに関する最近の研究成果を交えながら,慢性炎症疾患(特に糖尿病および動脈硬化)との関連,さらにはバイオマーカーとしての可能性について概説する.

参考文献

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掲載雑誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1367

印刷版ISSN:0485-1420

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