1)Shaw RJ:Metformin trims fats to restore insulin sensitivity. Nat Med 19:1570-1572,2013
2)Miller RA, Chu Q, Xie J, et al:Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP. Nature 494:256-260,2013
3)Viollet B, Guigas B, Sanz Garcia N, et al:Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: An overview. Clin Sci (Lond) 122:253-270,2012
4)de la Cuesta-Zuluaga J, Mueller NT, Corrales-Agudelo V, et al:Metformin is associated with higher relative abundance of mucin-degrading akkermansia muciniphila and several short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota in the gut. diabetes care 40:54-62,2017
5)Kourelis TV, Siegel RD:Metformin and cancer: new applications for an old drug. Med Oncol 29:1314-1327,2012
6)日本糖尿病学会(編):糖尿病診療ガイドライン2016,南江堂,pp453-454,2016
7)能登洋,後藤温,辻本哲郎,他:メトホルミンと癌.糖尿病 55:591-593,2012
8)Tontonoz P, Hu E, Spiegelman BM:Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPAR γ 2, a lipid-activated transcription factor. Cell 79:1147-1156,1994
9)Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T:Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr Rev 26:439-451,2005
10)Endo Y, Suzuki M, Yamada H, et al:Thiazolidinediones enhance sodium-coupled bicarbonate absorption from renal proximal tubules via PPARγ-dependent nongenomic signaling. Cell Metab 13:550-561,2011
11)Loke YK, Singh S, Furberg CD:Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. CMAJ 180:32-39,2009
12)Loke YK, Kwok CS, Singh S:Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 342:d1309,2011
13)Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al:Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366:1279-1289,2005
14)Zhang CL, Katoh M, Shibasaki T, et al:The cAMP sensor Epac2 is a direct target of antidiabetic sulfonylurea drugs. Science 325:607-610,2009
15)日本糖尿病学会—糖尿病治療に関連した重症低血糖の調査委員会—:糖尿病治療に関連した重症低血糖の調査委員会報告.糖尿病 60:12:826-842,2017
16)Tkáč I, Raz I: Combined analysis of three large interventional trials with gliptins indicates increased incidence of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 40:284-286,2017
17)Maeda H, Kubota A, Kanamori A, et al:Effects of sitagliptin on the serum creatinine in Japanese type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 108:e42-e45,2015
18)Arakawa M, Ebato C, Mita T, et al:Miglitol suppresses the postprandial increase in interleukin 6 and enhances active glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion in viscerally obese subjects. Metabolism 57:1299-1306,2008
19)竹田孔明,谷澤幸生:SGLT2阻害薬.糖尿病治療薬の最前線 改定第2版(荒木栄一編),中山書店,pp98-105,2015
20)Lambers Heerspink HJ, de Zeeuw D, Wie L, et al:Dapagliflozin a glucose-regulating drug with diuretic properties in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 15:853-862,2013
21)Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al:Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373:2117-2128,2015
22)厚生労働省:平成28年「国民健康・栄養調査」の結果(https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000177189.html)(最終アクセス:2018年10月18日)