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精神医学48巻5号

2006年05月発行

文献概要

展望

自傷の概念とその研究の焦点

著者: 松本俊彦1 山口亜希子2

所属機関: 1国立精神・神経センター精神保健研究所司法精神医学研究部 2関東学院大学カウンセリングセンター

ページ範囲:P.468 - P.479

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はじめに

 近年,自傷行為への関心が高まり,専門誌で取り上げられる機会も多いが28),そのたびに我々は,わが国の自傷に関する認識の遅れを痛感している。その最たる例は,手首自傷症候群 (wrist-cutting syndrome;WCS)54)という表現である。意外に知られていないことであるが,1970年代後半にこの臨床症候群がわが国に紹介された時点で48),すでに海外ではその臨床単位としての存在を否定されていた4,68)。また,「自傷は周囲の関心を集めるために行われる」という誤解もよく耳にするが,海外の専門家の多くは,自傷はたいてい1人のときに行われ,その行為はしばしば誰にも知らされないものと認識している31,66)

 このように,自傷に対する認識に関する彼我の隔たりは大きいが,しかし実は海外においてさえも,いまもって自傷の概念と精神医学における位置づけは不明瞭であるといわざるを得ない状況にある。現に,DSM-IV-TR1)のI軸障害のどこにも自傷に関する記述は見あたらず,かろうじてII軸障害である境界性人格障害(borderline personality disorder;BPD)において言及されている。しかしこれでは自傷が,治療の対象ではなく,限界設定の対象であることを公言しているような印象さえ与えかねない。

 こうした状況のなかで,今回我々は自傷概念の変遷とその研究の焦点の概説を試みた。本稿が,いまだ十分には定まっていない精神医学的な位置づけを明確にする一助となれば幸いである。

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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