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精神医学48巻8号

2006年08月発行

展望

進行性核上性麻痺の精神症状

著者: 内門大丈12 都甲崇1 小阪憲司13

所属機関: 1横浜市立大学医学部精神医学教室 2 3聖マリアンナ医学研究所

ページ範囲:P.828 - P.837

文献概要

はじめに

 進行性核上性麻痺(progressive supranuclear palsy;PSP)は,皮質基底核変性症(corticobasal degeneration;CBD)などとともにパーキンソン病関連疾患と呼ばれる。一方,最近の生化学的・免疫組織学的研究の結果,PSPは4リピートタウオパチーの一疾患であり,シヌクレイノパチーに分類されるパーキンソン病(Parkinson's disease;PD)やレビー小体型認知症(dementia with Lewy bodies;DLB)とは異なる生物学的背景を有することが明らかにされている。PSPはパーキンソニズムや核上性眼球運動障害といった特徴的な神経症状を呈することでよく知られているが,PDやDLBなどの他のPD関連疾患と同様に,認知障害や精神症状を合併することも少なくない。たとえば,PSPの認知障害はひと括りに皮質下性認知症(subcortical dementia)と称されることも多いが,近年の報告ではしばしば人格面での変化や抑うつなどの精神症状を呈することが示されている。PSPが神経症状を中心としたいわゆる「神経疾患」であり精神科医が主治医としてかかわることが少ない疾患であるために,こうしたPSPの認知障害や精神症状は看過されることも少なくない。しかし,他の神経変性疾患と同様に,進行性の疾患であることやその神経症状に対してドパミン作動薬の効果が限定的である現状を考慮すれば,患者の生活の質(quality of life;QOL)の視点からも認知機能や精神症状の評価を行い適切なケアを行っていくことは重要である。本稿では,PSPの概念と病態,さらに認知障害や精神症状を中心とした臨床的特徴とその病態生理,治療を概説し,最後に精神科医の役割に関しても述べる。

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