精神医学51巻3号

2009年03月発行

特集 社会脳をめぐって

社会脳の発達と自閉症

著者： 千住淳¹

所属機関： ¹ロンドン大学バークベックカレッジ心理学部

ページ範囲：P.233 - P.241

文献概要

脳機能の発達：氏か育ちか

　発達研究のかかわる諸分野における古くからの問題の1つとして，「氏か育ちか(nature vs. nurture)」に関する議論がある。もちろん，遺伝子の発現は体内・体外環境からの寄与や制御を受けるため，端的には「氏も育ちも重要」というのが妥当な答えであろう。しかしながら，特に個体の行動や認知の定型・非定型発達について考えるうえで，氏(または生得的な要因)と育ち(または誕生後の環境要因)がどのように発達に寄与するか，という点は依然として重要な問題である。

　社会脳など，特定の情報処理に特化した脳機能が発達するメカニズムとして，これまでに数々のモデルが呈示されてきた。これらは，大きく①氏を重視する立場(モジュール説，modular theory)，②育ちを重視する立場(熟達説，expertise theory)，および③それらの相互作用を重視する立場(IS説，interactive specialization theory)の3つに分けて考えることができる¹⁴⁾。

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