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特集 精神疾患と睡眠マネージメント―最新の知見

不安障害と睡眠

著者: 中村真樹12 井上雄一123

所属機関: 1財団法人神経研究所附属睡眠学センター 2東京医科大学睡眠学講座 3東京医科大学精神医学講座

ページ範囲:P.649 - P.657

はじめに

 DSM-IV-TR(アメリカ精神医学会 編)における不安障害の下位分類の中で,睡眠障害関連の症状が診断基準に含められているものは,全般性不安障害(GAD;generalized anxiety disorder),急性ストレス障害(ASD;acute stress disorder),外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD;post-traumatic stress disorder)の3つである。具体的には,GADでは「睡眠障害(入眠または睡眠維持の困難,または落ち着かず熟眠感のない睡眠)」,ASDでは「強い不安症状または覚醒亢進(例:睡眠障害)」,PTSDでは「(外傷以前には存在していなかった)持続的な覚醒亢進症状」の下位項目として「入眠,または睡眠維持の困難」が挙げられている。

 一方,1990年に出版された睡眠障害国際分類第1版(ICSD-1)32)では,「身体疾患・精神障害と関連する睡眠障害」の下位項目として「睡眠障害を伴う不安障害」が取り上げられていたが,2005年に第2版(ICSD-2)2)に改訂され,他の疾患に起因する二次的な睡眠関連疾患は主病名にしないことになった。そのため,身体疾患や精神障害と関連する睡眠障害は,8つの睡眠障害大分類のカテゴリーからは除外され,「付録B:睡眠障害の鑑別診断の際に出会うことが多い,その他の精神科障害と行動障害」に含まれている。この付録Bには,夜間睡眠中にパニック発作を認めることが少なくないパニック障害と,睡眠や夢に関連する症状がDSM-IV-TRの診断基準に含まれていることから,外傷後ストレス障害・急性ストレス障害・全般性不安障害が記載されている。

 本稿では,これらを中心に,各不安障害に認められる睡眠障害の特徴に触れたい。特に,パニック障害に関しては,夜間のみにパニック発作を認める睡眠時パニックについて,鑑別診断を含め,近年の知見を紹介する。

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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