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特集 統合失調症の予後改善に向けての新たな戦略

統合失調症における機能障害の病態と治療

著者: 松岡洋夫1

所属機関: 1東北大学大学院医学系研究科精神神経学分野

ページ範囲:P.111 - P.117

はじめに

 近年,機能転帰を重視した包括的なケアマネージメントの展開,多様な心理社会療法の開発と臨床応用,認知障害や陰性症状に対する薬物療法への期待,精神病の早期介入による予後改善への期待などとさまざまな視点から統合失調症の寛解や回復への関心が高まっている。しかし,アイルランドのダブリンで行われた8年間の長期追跡研究では,精神病の初回エピソード後,8年時点において症状転帰で寛解を認めたのは約半数,機能的転帰で社会的寛解に至ったのは約39%だったが,一方で重度の機能障害を示したのは約33%であった9)。統合失調症の薬物療法や心理社会療法が進歩する中で重症例がいまだに多く,経過,予後の改善,疾病の治癒を目的としたさらに強力な治療,新たな治療,そして究極には疾患の予防が必要であることはいうまでもなく,転帰を標的とした本格的な治療研究の必要性が叫ばれている6,20)

 予後改善に関する研究において介入や治療の有効性を論じる場合に,対象群の特徴(選択バイアス,対照群の有無),介入のタイミング(臨界期か慢性期か),介入終了後の治療効果の持続性,転帰の評価方法[精神症状,GAF(the global assessment of functioning)などによる全体的な機能,主観的および客観的な生活の質(QOL),居住,職業・学業,自殺行動や死亡率,精神疾患や身体疾患の合併など],介入の実行可能性と利用可能性,費用対効果,倫理的問題などさまざまなことを念頭に置く必要がある。本特集では,これらを踏まえ,薬物療法,心理社会療法,包括的生活支援プログラム,早期介入の領域における予後改善に向けた取り組みに関して,現状,課題,今後の可能性などを報告してもらう。本稿では,統合失調症を中心とした精神病性障害における機能障害に関連する病態論や治療論での争点について簡単にふれたい。

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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