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精神医学57巻2号

2015年02月発行

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地域ケアの時代における精神疾患—早期発見・早期支援の課題と可能性

著者: 水野雅文1 鈴木道雄2 松本和紀3 中込和幸4 下寺信次5 盛本翼6 岸本年史6 川﨑康弘7 舩渡川智之1 根本隆洋1 藤井千代8

所属機関: 1東邦大学医学部精神神経医学講座 2富山大学大学院医学薬学研究部神経精神医学講座 3東北大学大学院医学系研究科予防精神医学寄附講座 4独立行政法人国立精神・神経医療研究センター病院 5高知大学医学部神経精神医学教室 6奈良県立医科大学精神医学講座 7金沢医科大学精神神経科学 8独立行政法人国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所司法精神医学研究部

ページ範囲:P.89 - P.103

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はじめに
 わが国の精神科医療サービス体制は,これまでの入院中心型から地域ケア中心型へと大きく姿を変えつつある。その中で,重症化,慢性化させず,地域の中で社会包摂しながら支える早期介入の重要性が次第に認識されてきている。2014年11月に「To the New Horizon」をテーマに東京で開催された第9回国際早期精神病学会では,統合失調症モデルを脱し,双極性障害,不安障害なども含めたさまざまなより早期の病態研究と臨床実践の重要性,さらにその方法論が議論された。長期追跡研究などのエビデンスの蓄積により,早期介入の確かな有効性の検証を受けて,世界では,メンタルヘルス・プロモーションの地域における広がりに向けて,大きな力が注がれようとしている。
 一方,医療供給体制の違いや精神疾患に対するスティグマなど,早期介入体制の実現のために乗り越えるべき課題は多い。本稿では,わが国における精神疾患の早期発見・早期支援体制の確立に向けて,まずはこれまでの中心的課題であった統合失調症とその閾値下の状態に関する概念整理と治療方針についての検証を行う。さらに早期介入に必要な新たなサービス体制,医療経済効果,学校教育,またそれらに必要な準備について海外の成功例も参考としながら検討を加え,これからの精神科領域における早期介入の可能性を探る。
 (水野雅文)

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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