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雑誌文献

精神医学58巻6号

2016年06月発行

文献概要

展望

睡眠と記憶および感情調節機能

著者: 栗山健一1

所属機関: 1滋賀医科大学精神医学講座

ページ範囲:P.461 - P.468

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はじめに
 AserinskyとKleitman1)は,睡眠中にもかかわらず安静覚醒時に観察される高次皮質由来の活動波がREM(rapid eye movement)睡眠中に出現していることを発見した。その後DementとKleitman6)やRechtschaffenとKales29)は,大脳皮質活動の緩徐化を特徴とするnon-REM睡眠中にも,皮質の活動を反映する脳波活動(spindles,sharp wave-ripples)が混在していることを突き止めた。なぜ脳の休養のための睡眠中に,こうした皮質活動が存在する必要があるのだろうか。1990年代後半より,睡眠と記憶の関連に関して決定的な証拠が次々と報告され,睡眠中の脳活動は覚醒時に学習した内容を定着・強化する過程と関連することが明らかとなった。REM睡眠中には夢見が多く,夢は睡眠中の情報処理を反映していると考えやすいことから記憶・学習機能と関連付けて論じられることが多いが,REM睡眠以外の睡眠状態も記憶・学習機能に影響を与えている可能性が示唆されている。
 意味や知識,生活史などの言語的に再現可能な記憶を陳述(宣言)記憶と呼ぶのに対し,手作業や乗り物の運転,楽器演奏,スポーツの技術など,非言語的な身体動作を伴い再現される記憶を手続き(非宣言)記憶と呼ぶ。現在,陳述記憶および手続き記憶において,睡眠中の神経プロセスが記憶定着・強化のために働いている証拠が多く示されている。また,一部の不安障害や心的外傷後ストレス障害の病理と密接に関係する情動記憶も睡眠中に何らかの処理が行われている証拠が示されている。睡眠は疲労回復・損傷修復といった脳・身体活動の恒常性維持とともに,記憶・学習という積極的な適応行動にも重要な役割を果たしており,生涯にわたる成長・発達に欠かせない生命活動と考えられている。

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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