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研究と報告

自閉スペクトラム症の併存による注意欠如・多動症の事象関連電位への影響

著者: 山室和彦1 太田豊作1 中西葉子1 岸本直子1 飯田順三2 岸本年史1

所属機関: 1奈良県立医科大学精神医学講座 2奈良県立医科大学医学部看護学科

ページ範囲:P.913 - P.923

抄録
 DSM-5より注意欠如・多動症(ADHD)と自閉スペクトラム症(ASD)の併存が認められるようになったが,ADHDとASDは共通する臨床症状が多いことが知られており,臨床症状のみでADHDとASDの併存を適切に評価し診断することは困難である。また,ADHDとASD併存症例(ADHD/ASD)はADHD単独症例(ADHD)と比較して,日常生活への困難さを認めているのみならず,薬物治療への反応性も乏しいといわれている。そのため,適切に評価し診断を行う必要があるが,臨床症状のみならず,生物学的基盤に基づき両群の差異を検討することが求められている。現在までに画像研究における構造および機能的差異を検討した研究が行われているが,未だに未解明な点が多い。そこで,今回我々は事象関連電位(ERP)を用いて,未治療のADHD児20名とADHD/ASD児15名を対象として,聴覚性oddball課題におけるP300とMMNの比較検討を行った。ADHDおよびASD症状はそれぞれADHD評価スケールおよび小児自閉症評価尺度にて評価を行った。結果としては,ADHD/ASD群はADHD群と比較してFz,Cz,PzおよびC4におけるP300の振幅が有意に低下しており,またoddball課題施行中のP300の反応速度は有意に障害されていた。一方でP300の潜時とMMNおよびP300におけるoddball課題施行中の正答率に有意な差は認めなかった。これらのことから,ERPがADHD/ASDとADHD症例の鑑別に関して有用なモダリティーとなる可能性が示唆された。

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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