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雑誌文献

精神医学59巻4号

2017年04月発行

文献概要

特集 改正道路交通法と医療の視点

睡眠障害と運転問題について

著者: 井上雄一12 笹井妙子2

所属機関: 1医療法人社団絹和会睡眠総合ケアクリニック代々木 2東京医科大学睡眠学講座

ページ範囲:P.341 - P.350

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はじめに
 疾病治療コントロール不良の患者が運転中の意識障害のために引き起こした悲惨な交通事故の経験から,意識障害を生じる可能性のある疾病を有する患者の運転資格についての規制が昨今かなり強化されている。具体的には,まず2002年に,免許停止・保留の条件となる疾患がいくつか挙げられ,この中には,運転中の意識障害を生じ得る病態として,てんかん,低血糖症などとともに重度の眠気を有する睡眠障害が含まれた。また,2014年から実施されている改正道路交通法では,一定の病気を有する者が自らの病状につき虚偽の申告を行っている場合の罰則が厳罰化され,医師は運転適性を欠いた患者を公安委員会に届け出ることができることになった。
 さらに,自動車運転死傷行為処罰法では,交通死傷事故関連の刑罰をまとめて特別法とし,飲酒や薬物使用とともに,病気の影響で正常な運転ができなくなるおそれがある状態であることを知りながら自動車を運転し,人を負傷・死亡させた場合には最高15年の懲役を科すという刑罰が新設された。これらの法規を十分に理解した上で,患者の受診抑制(運転事故リスクを有するほど重症でありながら,自らの運転資格が剥奪されることを懸念して受診しなくなる可能性は否定できない)を避け,しかも医師・患者間の良好な関係を保たなければ(十分なコンセンサスを得ないで公安委員会に通報することは治療関係の悪化につながる可能性が高い),これらの法規の整備は逆効果になりかねない。特に眠気を呈する睡眠障害は比較的頻度が高い上に,寝不足・もしくは疲労によるいわば生理的な眠気亢進と慎重に鑑別する必要がある。本稿では閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群(obstructive sleep apnea syrtdrome;OSAS)と中枢性過眠症(ナルコレプシーと特発性過眠症)を中心に取り上げ,その運転問題の実態と事故リスクの判定,運転事故対策のあり方について,一部に睡眠障害治療薬の影響にも言及しながら概説した。

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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