1) Bokura H, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S, et al:Silent brain infarction and subcortical white matter lesions increase the risk of stroke and mortality:a prospective cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 15:57-63, 2006
2) Buyck JF, Dufouil C, Mazoyer B, et al:Cerebral white matter lesions are associated with the risk of stroke but not with other vascular events:the 3-City Dijon Study. Stroke 40:2327-2331, 2009
3) Debette S, Markus HS:The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging:systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 314:c3666, 2010
4) Dyrby TB, Rostrup E, Baaré WF, et al:Segmentation of age-related white matter changes in a clinical multi-center study. Neuroimage 41:335-345, 2008
5) Fazekas F, Kleinert R. Offenbacher H, et al:The morphologic correlate of incidental punctate white matter hyperintensities on MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12:915-921, 1991
6) Fujishima M, Yao H, Terashi A, et al:Deep white matter lesions on MRI, and not silent brain infarcts are related to headache and dizziness of non-specific cause in non-stroke Japanese subjects. Intern Med 39:727-731, 2000
7) Gouw AA, Seewann A, van der Flier WM, et al:Heterogeneity of small vessel disease:a systematic review of MRI and histopathology correlations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82:126-135, 2011
8) Grueter BE, Schulz UG:Age-related cerebral white matter disease(leukoaraiosis):a review. Postgrad Med J 88:79-87, 2012
9) O'Brien JT, Firbank MJ, Krishnan MS, et al:White matter hyperintensities rather than lacunar infarcts are associated with depressive symptoms in older people:the LADIS study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:834-841, 2006
10) Park K, Yasuda N, Toyonaga S, et al:Significant association between leukoaraiosis and metabolic syndrome in healthy subjects. Neurology 69:974-978, 2007
11) Provenzano FA, Muraskin J, Tosto G, et al:White matter hyperintensities and cerebral amyloidosis:necessary and sufficient for clinical expression of Alzheimer disease? JAMA Neurology 70:455-461, 2013
12) Sasaki M, Hirai T, Taoka T, et al:Discriminating between silent cerebral infarction and deep white matter hyperintensity using combinations of three types of magnetic resonance images:a multicenter observer performance study. Neuroradiology 50:753-758, 2008
13) Shinohara Y, Tohgi H, Hirai S, et al:Effect of the Ca antagonist nilvadipine on stroke occurrence or recurrence and extension of asymptomatic cerebral infarction in hypertensive patients with or without history of stroke(PICA Study). 1. Design and results at enrollment. Cerebrovasc Dis 24:202-209, 2007
14) Simoni M, Li L, Paul NL, et al:Age-and sex-specific rates of leukoaraiosis in TIA and stroke patients:population-based study. Neurology 79:1215-1222, 2012
15) Tamura Y, Araki A:Diabetes mellitus and white matter hyperintensity. Geriatr Gerontol Int(Suppl 1):34-42, 2015
16) The LADIS Study Group, Poggesi A, Pantoni L, et al:2001-2011:A Decade of the LADIS(Leukoaraiosis And DISability)Study:What Have We Learned about White Matter Changes and Small-Vessel Disease? Cerebrovasc Dis 32:577-588, 2011
17) Zheng JJ, Delbaere K, Close JC, et al:Impact of white matter lesions on physical functioning and fall risk in older people:a systematic review. Stroke 42:2086-2090, 2011