icon fsr

文献詳細

雑誌文献

精神医学61巻1号

2019年01月発行

文献概要

特集 高齢者のメンタルヘルス

高齢者の不安障害とメンタルヘルス

著者: 忽滑谷和孝1

所属機関: 1東京慈恵会医科大学附属柏病院精神神経科

ページ範囲:P.23 - P.30

文献購入ページに移動
はじめに
 うつ病は過去を振り返る喪失の病であり,不安は将来に対する懸念を持ち,その背景に死への恐怖,生への執着がある。高齢者は,振り返るには十分すぎる歴史を持ち,死を考える機会が多く,うつと不安が多い。一方,高齢者は長い間培った経験を持ち,うつや不安を乗り越えるか,やり過ごす術を知っている。ただ,知っているのと実際できることは異なる。このように青年期,成人期と性格を異にする高齢者の不安障害についてあらためて考えてみる。
 不安障害に関する研究報告は1990年代から2000年代に多く,高齢者に限定すると近年では少ない。そのため心的外傷後ストレス障害,強迫性障害,身体表現性障害なども混在した報告が目立つ。
 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision(ICD-10)によると不安障害は,神経症性障害,ストレス関連障害および身体表現性障害の中に含まれ,恐怖症性不安障害とその他の不安障害に大別される。前者は,主に広場恐怖,社交恐怖,特定の恐怖症を含み,後者は,恐慌性障害(パニック障害),全般性不安障害などがある。
 従来の神経症と言われていた強迫性障害,解離性障害,身体表現性障害などは,厳密には不安障害とは別の障害として分類されている。Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition(DSM-5)でも,不安症群/不安障害群には,限局性恐怖症,社交不安/社交不安障害,パニック障害,広場恐怖は含まれているが,強迫症(強迫障害)および関連障害,心的外傷およびストレス因関連障害群,解離性障害,身体症状症などはICD-10同様に不安障害とは分けて取り扱っている。
 本稿で概説する高齢者の不安障害も,それに準じて,強迫性障害,心的外傷後ストレス障害,解離性障害は除くが,身体表現性障害(身体症状症)は頻度も高いことより,触れることにする。

参考文献

1)Andreescu C, Teverovsky E, Fu B, et al:Old worries and new anxieties:behavioral symptoms and mild cognitive impairment in a population study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22:274-284, 2004
2)Andreescu C, and Varon D:New research on anxiety disorders in the elderly and an update on evidence-based treatments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 17:53, 2015
3)Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, et al:Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder:a revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 28:403-439, 2014
4)Barrowclough C, King P, Colville J, et al:A randomized trial of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling for anxiety symptoms in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 69:756-762, 2001
5)Byers AL, Yaffe K, Covinsky KE, et al:High occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders among older adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:489-496, 2010
6)Dowson C, Laing R, Barraclough R, et al:The use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a pilot study. N Z Med J 114:447-449, 2001
7)Ford DE, Kamerow DB:Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention? JAMA 262:1479-1484, 1989
8)Hunot V, Churchill R, Silva de LM, et al:Psychological therapies for generalized anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(Jan. 24, 2007):CD001848
9)Katzman MA:Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders BMC Psychiatry 14(Suppl 1):S1, 2014
10)Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al:Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:595-606, 2005
11)Lambiase MJ, Kubzansky LD, Thurston RC:Prospective study of anxiety and incident stroke. Stroke 45:438-443, 2014
12)Lawton MP, Kleban MH, Dean J:Affect and age:cross-sectional comparisons of structure and prevalence. Psychol Aging 8:165-175, 1993
13)Lenze EJ, Mulsant BH, Shear MK, et al:Comorbid anxiety disorders in depressed elderly patients. Am J Psychiatry 157:722-728, 2000
14)Lenze EJ, Wetherell JL:Bringing the bedside to the bench, and then to the community:a prospectus for intervention research in late-life anxiety disorders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 24:1-14, 2009
15)Lenze EJ, Wetherell JL, Andreescu C:Anxiety disorders. In:Coffey CE, Cummings JL, ed. Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry. 3rd ed. American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington D.C., 2011
16)Lenze EJ, Hickman S, Hershey T, et al:Mindfulness-based stress reduction for older adults with worry symptoms and co-occurring cognitive dysfunction. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 29:991-1000, 2014
17)Mantella RC, ButtersMA, DewMA, et al:Cognitive impairment in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:673-679, 2007
18)Mitchell AJ, Chan B, Bhatti H, et al:Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in oncological, hematological, and palliative care setting:a meta-analysis of 94 interview based studies. Lancet Oncol 12:160-174, 2011
19)Mohlman J:Executive skills in older adults with GAD:relations with clinical variables and CBT outcome. J Anxiety Disord 27:131-139, 2013
20)Mokhber N, Azarpazhooh MR, Khajehdaluee M, et al:Randomized, single-blind, trial of sertraline and buspirone for treatment of elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 64:128-133, 2010
21)Palmer K, Berger AK, Monastero R, et al:Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 68:1596-1602, 2007
22)Porensky EK, Dew MA, Karp JF, et al:The burden of late-life generalized anxiety disorder:effects on disability, health-related quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17:473-482, 2009
23)Sami MB, Nilforooshan R:The natural course of anxiety disorders in the elderly:a systematic review of longitudinal trials. Int Psychogeriatr 27:1061-1069, 2015
24)Schaub RT, Linden M:Anxiety and anxiety disorders in the old and very old-results from the Berlin Aging Study(BASE). Compr Psychiatry 41:48-54, 2000
25)Subramanyam AA, Kedare J, Singh OP, et al:Clinical practice guidelines for geriatric anxiety disorders. Indian J Psychiatry 60(Suppl 3):S371-S382, 2018
26)Thorp SR, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, et al:Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17:105-115, 2009
27)Tully PJ, Cosh SM, Baune BT:A review of the affects of worry and generalized anxiety disorder upon cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease. Psychol Health Med 18:627-644, 2013
28)Van Balkom AJLM, Beekman AFT, de Beurs E, et al:Comorbidity of the anxiety disorders in a community-based older population in the Netherlands. Acta Psychiat Scand 101:37-45, 2000
29)Wetherell JL, Thorp SR, Patterson TL, et al:Quality of life in geriatric generalized anxiety disorder:a preliminary investigation. J Psychiat Res 38:305-312, 2004
30)Wetherell JL, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, et al:Medical conditions and depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health 14:764-768, 2010
31)Wetherell JL, Afari N, Ayers CR, et al:Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults:a preliminary report. Behav Ther 42:127-134, 2011
32)Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Catriotta N, Lenzw EJ, et al:Anxiety disorders in older adults:A comprehensive review. Depression and Anxiety 27:190-211, 2010
33)Zhang X, Norton J, Carriere I, et al:Generalized anxiety in community-dwelling elderly:prevalence and clinical characteristics. J Affect Disord 172:24-29, 2015
34)Zhang X, Norton J, Carriere I, et al:Risk factors for late-onset generalized anxiety disorder:results from a 12-year prospective cohort(The ESPRIT study). Translat Psychiatry 5:e536, 2015

掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

雑誌購入ページに移動
icon up
あなたは医療従事者ですか?