精神医学63巻4号

2021年04月発行

特集 精神医療に関する疫学のトピック—記述疫学，リスク研究からコホート研究まで

うつ病の危険因子と予防—精神科疫学研究から見えてくるもの

著者： 降籏隆二¹ 中神由香子¹

所属機関： ¹京都大学環境安全保健機構附属健康科学センター

ページ範囲：P.443 - P.451

抄録　近年の疫学研究から精神疾患についても数多くの危険因子が明らかになっている。精神疾患の中でも，うつ病は有病率が高く，幅広い年齢層で発症し，社会的な損失の大きい疾患である。うつ病の発症には遺伝的背景や性格特性，ライフイベントが関与する。加えて，睡眠，食事，運動などの生活習慣の問題が危険因子であることが示されている。こうした危険因子は，それ自体は疾病ではないが，精神的な健康状態に対して潜在的なリスクを有すると考えられており，修正可能で介入可能であるものは，予防における役割が期待されている。実際に近年の地域住民を対象とした健康教育プログラムの提供による介入研究では，抑うつ症状や不安症状の改善が報告されている。本稿では，近年の疫学研究で指摘されているうつ病の危険因子を概説し，予防介入の可能性を検討したい。

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